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6 protocols using solulyse

1

Purification of Anabaena Gas Vesicles

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Example 4

Anabaena floc-aquae (Ana) was cultured in Gorham's media supplemented with BG-11 solution (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) and 10 mM NaHCO3 at 25° C., 100 rpm shaking and 1% CO2 under a 14 h light cycle and 10 h dark cycle. Once confluency was reached, the cultures were transferred to sterile separating funnels and the buoyant cells were allowed to float to the top and separate from the spent media over a 48 h period. Ana GVs were harvested by hypertonic lysis of the buoyant cells with 500 mM sorbitol and 10% Solulyse (Genlantis, San Diego, Calif.). Purification was done by repeated centrifugally assisted floatation followed by resuspension in 1×PBS (Corning, Union City, Calif.). GV concentration was determined by pressure-sensitive OD measurements at 500 nm (ODPS,500). Pre-collapsed GVs prepared by application of hydrostatic pressure in a capped syringe were used as the blank.

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2

MTT Assay for Cell Viability

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Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), culture media components, and all the other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). SoluLyse™ was purchased from Genlantis (San Diego, CA). Bradford’s reagent was purchased from BioRad. Propidium iodide (PI) was purchased from G-Biosciences, Geno Technology Inc (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Confirming Membrane Protein Orientation

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To confirm proper membrane insertion and orientation of the TOXCAT and TOXGREEN constructs, overnight cultures were plated on M9 minimal medium plates containing 0.4% maltose as the only carbon source and grown at 37 °C for 72 hours.
For immunoblotting, the equivalent of 200 μL of culture media at a cell density of 1 OD600 were pelleted and chemically lysed with SoluLyse (Genlantis). 3 μL of cell lysates were mixed with 2× loading buffer and loaded onto a NuPAGE 4–12% Bis-Tris SDS-PAGE gel (Invitrogen), each construct was run in duplicate. Proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes (VWR) for 1 hour at 100 millivolts. Blots were blocked using 5% bovine serum albumin (US Biologicals) in TBS-Tween buffer (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% Tween 20) overnight at 4 °C, incubated with goat biotinylated anti-Maltose Binding Protein antibodies (Vector labs) at 25 °C for 2 hours, followed by peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin anti-goat secondary antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch) at 4 °C for 2 hours. Blots were developed with the Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate Kit, 1 mL of ECL solution was added to the blot and incubated for 90 seconds. Chemiluminescence was measured using an ImageQuant LAS 4000 (GE Healthsciences). Immunoblots of samples used for direct comparison (Figs. 5, S3 and S4) were processed and developed in parallel.
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4

Isolation and Purification of Anabaena Gas Vesicles

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Anabaena flos-aquae (Ana) was cultured in Gorham’s media supplemented with BG-11 solution (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and 10 mM NaHCO3 at 25°C, 100 rpm shaking and 1% CO2 under a 14h light cycle and 10h dark cycle. Once confluency was reached, the cultures were transferred to sterile separating funnels and the buoyant cells were allowed to float to the top and separate from the spent media over a 48h period. Ana GVs were harvested by hypertonic lysis of the buoyant cells with 500 mM sorbitol and 10% Solulyse (Genlantis, San Diego, CA). Purification was done by repeated centrifugally assisted floatation followed by resuspension in 1× PBS (Corning, Union City, CA). GV concentration was determined by pressure-sensitive OD measurements at 500 nm (ODPS,500). Pre-collapsed GVs prepared by application of hydrostatic pressure in a capped syringe were used as the blank.
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5

Purification and Characterization of Anabaena Gas Vesicles

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Example 4

Anabaena flos-aquae (Ana) was cultured in Gorham's media supplemented with BG-11 solution (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) and 10 mM NaHCO3 at 25° C., 100 rpm shaking and 1% CO2 under a 14 h light cycle and 10 h dark cycle. Once confluency was reached, the cultures were transferred to sterile separating funnels and the buoyant cells were allowed to float to the top and separate from the spent media over a 48 h period. Ana GVs were harvested by hypertonic lysis of the buoyant cells with 500 mM sorbitol and 10% Solulyse (Genlantis, San Diego, Calif.). Purification was done by repeated centrifugally assisted floatation followed by resuspension in 1×PBS (Corning, Union City, Calif.). GV concentration was determined by pressure-sensitive OD measurements at 500 nm (ODPS,500). Pre-collapsed GVs prepared by application of hydrostatic pressure in a capped syringe were used as the blank.

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6

Enrichment and Purification of Bicones from E. coli

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Plasmids were transformed into E. coli strain BL21(DE3) (New England Biolabs) and grown on plates overnight at 37 °C (LB agar, 2%w/v glucose, 100 μg mL−1 kanamycin). Starter cultures were prepared by inoculating a large number of colonies into 4 mL Miller’s LB supplemented with 50 μg mL−1 kanamycin and 2%w/v glucose and grown at 37°C for 3 h. Large-scale cultures were then prepared by 1:100 dilution of the starter culture in 50 mL LB containing kanamycin and 0.2%w/v glucose. Expression was induced after 2.5 h (0D600 ~0.6) by addition of 10 μM isopropyl-β-D −1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG, Teknova), grown overnight at 37 °C, and harvested by centrifugation in 50-mL conical tubes at 450xg (12 h, 4 °C). Excess LB was removed by vacuum filtration through binder-free glass microfiber filters (Whatman GF/F grade, Cytiva). Cells were lysed by incubation in 4 mL SoluLyse (Genlantis) supplemented with 100 μg DNaseI (Roche) for 5 h at room temperature. Lysates were then combined and clarified by centrifugation at 600xg for 2 h at 4 °C. Bicones were enriched from the supernatant and exchanged into PBS by 5 rounds of overnight centrifugation at 800xg, 4 °C followed by replacement of the subnatant with fresh PBS. Concentrations were measured with a Bio-Rad Quick Start Bradford protein assay based on bovine serum albumin standards.
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