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13 protocols using bacterial collagenase

1

Molecular Mechanisms of MCF-7 Cell Apoptosis

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MCF-7 cells (ATCC® HTB-22™) were obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). MEM Eagle’s medium, fetal bovine serum, puromycin, Pen/Strep mix, and PBS were products of Gibco (Waltham, MA, USA). Propidium iodide (PI), annexin V-CF488A conjugate, and annexin V binding buffer were provided by the Biotium Company (Fremont, CA, USA). NC-Slide A2™ was purchased from Chemometec (Allerod, Denmark). Horseradish peroxidase conjugated anti-rabbit IgG and anti-mouse IgG antibodies, bacterial collagenase, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA), indomethacin, and diclofenac were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Primary antibodies against COX2, p-AMPKα, mTor, caspase 8, caspase 9 total and cleaved, caspase 7 total and cleaved, BID, PARP, Beclin 1, AGT5, ATG 7, and B-actin were products of Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Primary antibodies for PRODH/POX, PPARγ, GLUD 1/2, and prolidase were products of Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). PYCR1, PYCRL, and PPARδ primary antibodies were obtained from Abnova (Taipei, Taiwan). Hoechst 33342 was obtained from Becton Dickinson (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). CRISPR All-In-One Non-Viral Vector and lipofectamine were products of Applied Biological Materials Inc. (Richmond, BC, Canada).
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2

Isolation and Culture of Murine Chondrocytes and BMSCs

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All primary cells were harvested from femurs of male transgenic mice at 3–4 weeks of age. Chondrocytes were isolated from cartilage of the proximal epiphysis, which lacks a secondary ossification center (26 (link)). Briefly, the epiphysis was removed with a pair of tweezers and incubated in Ca2+- and Mg2+-free HBSS with 0.2% bacterial collagenase (Sigma, St. Louis) for 3–4 hours at 37°C to release chondrocytes from their extracellular matrix. BMSCs were isolated from femurs by cutting off both ends and flushing out the contents of the remaining diaphyseal shaft via brief high-speed centrifugation. Chondrocytes or BMSCs from multiple animals were pooled and plated at a density of 1 × 105 cells/cm2 in 24-well tissue-culture-treated plates with complete media consisting of DMEM and the following components: 10% FBS, 4.5mg/ml D-glucose, 100 units/ml penicillin, 100μg/ml streptomycin, 0.25μg/ml Fungizone (Life Technologies, Carlsbad), 2 mM L-alanyl-L-glutamine, and 2mM sodium pyruvate. Cultures were incubated at 37°C in a humidified chamber with 5% CO2 and media was replaced every 2–3 days. Beginning at confluence, the complete media was supplemented with 100μg/ml ascorbate-2-phosphate and 2mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.4) to support mineralization.
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3

Collagenase-Induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model

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ICH was induced by intrastriatal injection of Bacterial collagenase into the right basal ganglia as previously described [14 (link)]. Briefly, mice were anesthetized with ketamine (100 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) (2:1 vol/vol, intraperitoneal injection) and positioned prone in a stereotaxic head frame. Bacterial collagenase (0.075 units, type VII-S; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was dissolved in 0.5 μL PBS and infused into the right basal ganglia at a rate of 0.1667 μL/min, using an infusion pump (Stoelting, IL). The needle was left for an additional 5 min to prevent possible leakage of the collagenase solution, and withdrawn slowly at a rate of 1 mm/min. After removal of the needle, the cranial burr hole was sealed with bone wax, the incision was sutured, and 0.4 mL of normal saline was injected subcutaneously, and the mice were allowed to recover. The sham operation was performed with PBS only. All ICH animals with hematoma and neurological deficits were included. Animals that died before experimental endpoints reached were replaced with new animals. Animals with no hematoma were excluded.
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4

Chondrocyte Culture and Cytokine Treatment

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Small slices of cartilage were sequentially digested with 0.06% bacterial collagenase (Sigma) then seeded at a density of 1.5 × 104 cells/cm2 in culture medium consisting of DMEM (Gibco-Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Gibco-Invitrogen). Cells were treated with 5 ng/ml for IL-1β (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN), 3 ng/ml for TGF-βs (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN), and 300 nM for TSA (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) in this study.
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5

3D Collagen Matrix Cell Apoptosis Assay

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Cells growing on plastic culture plates were detached enzymatically with trypsin-EDTA solution (Invitrogen) and cell embedded in 3D COL1 were recovered after dissolving gels in 2 mg/ml bacterial collagenase (Sigma-Aldrich). Apoptosis was quantified as described previously [38 (link)].
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6

Quantifying Collagen Internalization and Deposition

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To analyze the amount of collagen internalized in the intracellular space or deposited in the extracellular space quantitatively, hMSCs were incubated with culture medium containing fluorescently labeled collagen monomers for various period of time. Quantitative analysis of internalized Alexa 488-labeled collagen was determined by measuring the total fluorescence, using a microplate reader (Safire II; Tecan, San Jose, CA, USA), in the cell lysate fraction collected up to 50 h after discarding the extracellular fraction containing deposited collagen fibrils by digestion with excess bacterial collagenase (Sigma-Aldrich). In separate experiments, after discarding the culture medium, the collagen fibrils deposited in the extracellular space were digested by collagenase, and the amount of collagen was determined by measuring the total fluorescence in this fraction.
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7

Collagenase and Proteinase Assay Protocol

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Bacterial collagenase and alkaline proteinase were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit was purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Commercial kits used for determining hydroxyproline (Hyp), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b) activity were purchased from Jiancheng Inst. of Biotechnology (Nanjing, China). Rabbit monoclonal anti-transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ) and rabbit monoclonal anti-Smad3 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Rabbit monoclonal anti-Smad7, rabbit monoclonal anti-α2 and rabbit monoclonal anti-β1 were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Other chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade or better and were commercially available.
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8

Comprehensive Antibody and ECM Protocol

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A complete and detailed list of the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies used in this study is provided in Supplementary Table 2. Doxycycline (DOX) hyclate was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO; Cat #D9891). Rat-tail COL1 (regular and high concentration) was purchased from Discovery Labware Inc., Corning™ (Bedford, MA; Cat # 354236, regular; and # 354249, high concentration). Mouse collagen IV was purchased from Corning™ (Cat # 354233). Matrigel (Cultrex®) was purchased from Trevigen (Gaithersburg, MD; Cat # 3444-005-01). Bacterial collagenase was purchased from Sigma (Cat# C9263). Trypsin-EDTA was purchased from Gibco (Cat # 25200).
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9

Protein and Antioxidant Analysis

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Alcalase was purchased from Novozymes (Beijing, China). Proline (food grade) and bacterial collagenase were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit was purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Commercial kits used for determining hydroxyproline (Hyp), type I and type III collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were purchased from Jiancheng Inst. of Biotechnology (Nanjing, China). All other chemicals used in the study were of analytical grade or better.
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10

Molecular Signaling in MCF7 Breast Cancer

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MCF7 (ATCC® HTB-22™) were obtained from the ATCC. Horseradish-peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG and anti-mouse IgG antibodies, Alexa488 conjugated anti-rabbit IgG, bacterial collagenase, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), DCFDA, tetrahydro-2-furoic acid (THFA), glycyl-L-proline, ibuprofen, indomethacin, diclofenac, and sulindac were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The celecoxib and troglitazone were products of Targetmol. Solution 5 (VB-48™ PI–AO) was purchased from ChemoMetec. The primary antibodies against: COX2; p53; p-AMPKα; m-TOR; caspase-8; caspase-9, total and cleaved; caspase-7, total and cleaved; PARP, total and cleaved; and B-actin were products of Cell Signaling Technology. The PRODH/POX primary antibodies and PPARγ were products of Santa Cruz Biotechnology. The PYCR1, PYCRL, and PPAR delta primary antibodies were obtained from Abnova. The Hoechst 33342 was obtained from Becton Dickinson.
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