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13 protocols using tetracycline tc

1

SDZ 30-1 Binding Affinity Assay

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The SDZ 30-1 (5′-AACCCAATGGGAT-3′, Kd = 65.72 nM) was selected in our laboratory, which was purified using HPLC and synthesized by Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China [24 (link)]. All antibiotics, e.g., SDZ, tetracycline (TC), furaltadone (FTD), and norfloxacin (OFL) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. KMnO4, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), buffer, and other reagents were purchased from Aladdin Co., Ltd., Ontario, CA, USA. The accuracy of the method was verified by HPLC on LC-20A (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Fluorescence intensity measurements were performed at the excitation wavelength of 492 nm and emission wavelength of 518 nm using Varioskan LUX.
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2

Culturing MC65 and SH-SY5Y Cell Lines

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MC65 cells (kindly provided by Dr. George M. Martin at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) (Life Technologies, Inc., Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% of heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA), 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (P/S) (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), 1 μg/mL Tetracycline (TC) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and 0.2 mg/mL G418 (Invitrogen). SH-SY5Y cells (ATCC) were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% P/S. All cells were maintained at 37 °C in a fully humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2.
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3

Culturing MC65 and SH-SY5Y Cell Lines

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MC65 cells (kindly provided by Dr. George M. Martin at the University of Washington, Seattle) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) (Life Technologies, Inc., Grand Island, NY) supplemented with 10% of heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Hyclone, Logan, UT), 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (P/S) (Invitrogen), 1 μg/mL Tetracycline (TC) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and 0.2 mg/mL G418 (Invitrogen). SH-SY5Y cells (ATCC) were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% P/S. All cells were maintained at 37 °C in a fully humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2.
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4

Construction of Z. mobilis Recombinants

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Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 (ATCC 31821) was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Shuttle vector pHW20a was used for construction of Z. mobilis recombinants [15 (link)]. Yeast extract was purchased from Oxoid (Hampshire, UK). Tetracycline (Tc) and nalidixic acid were from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, syringaldehyde, and vanillin were from Sangon Biotech Co., Shanghai, China. All other analytical grade chemicals were from Sinopharm Chemical Reagents, Shanghai, China.
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5

Inducible P53 Mutant Expression

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pLVX-Tet-On Advanced System was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. As to the first stable transfection, the Hep3B cells were transfected with pLVX-Tet-On vector (Clonth) using LipofecamineTM2000 (Invitrogen), and then established the stable cell line by selecting and screening using 2mg/ml G418 (BD Biosciences Clontech). To ensure optimal induction and low background, multiple clonal cell lines must be screened after each stable transfection using western blotting. As to the Second stable transfection, pVSVG/ P53 (N340Q/L344R was infected into the pLVX-Tet-On Hep3B stable cell line, and transfected cells were grown in presence of 0.05 mg/ml Zeo (BD Biosciences Clontech) for selection. Individual colonies were isolated and screened for P53 (N340Q/L344R expression. The positive clones were cultured in DMEM medium (Gibco BRL Life Technologies) containing the indicated tetracycline (Tc) (sigma) concentrations (0-2μg/ml) to induce the P53 (N340Q/L344R expression.
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6

Antimicrobial Preservative Preparation Protocol

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Tryptone soya medium (agar, TSA; broth, TSB) and Lysogeny Broth (LB) medium were obtained from Oxoid Ltd. Tetracycline (Tc) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotics were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich; dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and other analytical grade chemicals were supplied by Fisher Scientific. A minimal basal salts growth medium (BSM) was prepared as described by Rushton et al. [21 (link)] without casamino acids. A 3 : 1 cosmetics grade blend of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT), and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) were obtained from Dow Chemical Company, USA; dimethyl dimethylol hydantoin (DMDMH) from Lonza, UK; benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and phenoxyethanol (PH) from Clariant International Ltd, Switzerland. Preservative stock solutions were prepared (in sterile distilled water or DMSO for PH) on the day of use and diluted as required.
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7

Genetic Manipulation of S. aureus Strains

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The S. aureus strains tested in the murine gastrointestinal colonization model are listed in Table 3; each was resistant to Sm. Mutations in the S. aureus ica locus, spa, and atl were moved into Sm-resistant Newman by transduction with phage 80α or phage 85 from the original antibiotic marked mutant strains [42 (link)–44 (link)]. The tagO::tet mutation was moved from S. aureus RN4220 into Newman Δatl as described previously [22 (link)]. Mutants were confirmed by PCR or Southern blot analysis and were phenotypically identical to the parental strains in terms of the growth rate, hemolysis on sheep blood agar plates, and the metabolic profile on API Staph test strips (Biomerieux, Inc., Durham, NC). S. aureus strains were cultivated in TSB to the logarithmic growth phase, unless otherwise noted. Sm (0.5 mg/ml; Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.), erythromycin (Em; 5 μg/ml; Sigma), tetracycline (Tc; 2.5 μg/ml; Sigma), or spectinomycin (Spc; 100 μg/ml; MP Biomedicals, Solon, OH) was added to culture medium for selection where appropriate.
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8

Culturing Neuronal and Cell Lines

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MC65 cells were kindly provided by Dr. George M. Martin at the University of Washington, Seattle and were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) (Life Technologies, Inc., Grand Island, NY) supplemented with 10% of heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Hyclone, Logan, UT), 1% penicillin/streptomycin (P/S) (Sigma-Aldrich), tetracycline (TC) (1 μg/mL, Sigma-Aldrich) and 0.2 mg/mL G418 (Invitrogen). SHSY5Y cells (ATCC, Manassas, VA) were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% P/S. All cells were maintained at 37 °C in a fully humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2.
Cortex from E15.5 embryos of C57BL/6J mice were dissected then enzymatically dissociated in neurobasal medium containing trypsin (2.5 mg/mL, Sigma-Aldrich) and DNase I (15 μg/mL, Sigma-Aldrich) for 30 min at 37 °C, washed in neurobasal medium, then triturated using fire-polished Pasteur pipettes. Cell suspensions were passed through a 70 μm strainer to remove debris. Cells were plated on poly-D-lysine (Sigma Aldrich) coated plates or glass-bottomed dish and cultured in neuronal culture media (neurobasal medium supplemented with B27, GlutaMax (0.5 mM) and penicillin/streptomycin/amphotericin B). Neuronal culture media were changed by one-half volume exchange every 3 days. Cytarabine (1 μM final, Sigma-Aldrich) was added from day in vitro (DIV) 3 to 6 to inhibit glial proliferation.
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9

Culturing MC65 Cells for Assays

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MC65 cells (kindly provided by Dr. George M. Martin at the University of Washington, Seattle) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) (Life Technologies, Inc., Grand Island, NY) supplemented with 10% of heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Hyclone, Logan, UT), 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (P/S) (Invitrogen), 1 μg/mL Tetracycline (TC) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and 0.2 mg/mL G418 (Invitrogen). All assays were carried out in Opti-MEM Reduced Serum Medium (Life Technologies, Inc., Grand Island, NY). Cells were maintained at 37 °C in a fully humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Cell controls were prepared in Opti-MEM with or without TC (+TC or −TC).
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10

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Gram-negative Bacteria

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Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for different strains of Gram-negative bacteria are shown in Table 1. Strains were maintained on Luria–Bertani broth solid agar (1.5% agar, LA, Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany) at 30 °C. Difco Nutrient Broth (NB) and Difco Nutrient Agar (NA) were used in experiments with AuHCl4. Antibiotics were added to the medium in the following concentrations (µg/mL): ampicillin (Ap, OAO “Biochemist”, Moscow, Russia), 100; kanamycin (Km, OAO “Synthesis”, Moscow, Russia), 100; tetracycline (Tc, Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany), 20–40, gentamicin (Gm, KRKA, Novo mesto, Slovenia), 40; and rifampicin (Rif, Sigma), 50. The chemicals used during this study: HAuCl4·3H2O (99.9%), NaBH4 (99%), ascorbic acid (99%), cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%), trisodium citrate dihydrate, AgNO3 (99%), and poly(ethylene glycol) PEG 40,000, were used as purchased (Sigma-Aldrich). TiO2 Aeroxide® P25 (Degussa P25, Frankfurt, Germany) was used as received.
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