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148 protocols using powerlab 8 30

1

Comprehensive Cardiovascular Monitoring Protocol

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Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded continuously from the femoral artery (PowerLab 8/30, AD Instruments, Colorado Springs, CO, United States). Hematocrit was measured from centrifuged arterial blood samples taken in heparinized capillary tubes. Hb content was determined spectrophotometrically (B-Hemoglobin; Hemocue, Stockholm, Sweden). Arterial blood was collected in heparinized glass capillary tubes (50 uL) and immediately analyzed for arterial oxygen tension (pO2), arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), and pH (RapidLab 248; Bayer, Norwood, MA, United States). Ventricular PV measurements were continuously measured (PowerLab 8/30, AD Instruments, Colorado Springs, CO, United States).
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2

In Vivo Mouse Cardiac Function Assessment

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The procedure was conducted under a stereomicroscope according to the published protocol [37 (link)]. Mice were heparinized (5000 U/kg) and anesthetized with Ketamine (50–150 mg/kg) and Xylazine (2.5–7.5 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Mice were placed on the surgical platform and kept warm at 37 °C. MPVS UltraTM Pressure–Volume (P–V) system (Millar Instruments, Inc.) and PowerLab 8/30 (ADInstruments, Inc.) were turned on for stabilization 30 min prior to the recording. The mouse Pressure–Volume conductance catheter (SPR-839, Millar Instruments, Inc.) was advanced into the left ventricle through right carotid artery. After stabilization of the signal for 10–15 min, the pressure and volume signals (P–V loops) were acquired and recorded by PowerLab 8/30 (ADInstruments, Inc.) and MPVS UltraTM Pressure–Volume (P–V) system (Millar Instruments, Inc.). Real-time P–V loop and other cardiac functions (e.g. HR, dp/dt, etc.) were monitored and data analysis was conducted with Labchart 7 (ADInstruments, Inc.) software.
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3

Mechanoreflex Activation on Cardiovascular Parameters

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For ex vivo experiments, action potentials were amplified, filtered, and displayed on an oscilloscope and continuously recorded on a computer via an A/D converter (PowerLab8/30; ADInstruments) and data acquisition software (LabChart; ADInstruments). For in vivo experiments, HR, MAP, RSNA, and tension were acquired, recorded, and analyzed using data acquisition software (LabChart; ADInstruments) and the PowerLab digital-toanalog converter (PowerLab8/30; ADInstruments). For each variable, the average of two values for each maneuver (slow, medium, and fast), in each experiment, was calculated and used for statistical analysis. Baseline values were determined from and averaged over a 30-s prestimulation period. Response values obtained during the 30-s mechanoreflex stimulation period were calculated as the difference from baseline. To quantify RSNA response to mechanoreflex activation, the baseline value was considered as 100% of basal RSNA. Changes in RSNA evoked during the mechanoreflex stimulation period were expressed as a percentage of the baseline, and the relative change in RSNA to the baseline was taken as the estimated change (ΔRSNA%). Datasets of 1-s averages were used for the analysis and the maximum response to mechanoreflex activation was defined as the peak change from baseline.
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4

Surface EMG of First Dorsal Interosseous

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Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the right first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI), via disposable Ag/AgCl electrodes, in a belly-tendon arrangement. The earth electrode was wrapped around the right forearm. The EMG signals were amplified (×100) by an amplifier (A-DL-720-140, 4 Assist, Tokyo, Japan), filtered (high pass, 20 Hz), digitized at 4 kHz using an A/D converter (Power Lab 8/30, AD Instruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA), and stored on a lab computer for later offline analysis (LabChart7, AD Instruments).
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5

In Vivo Cardiac Function Assessment

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At the end of the 4 weeks of training or ad-lib activity, rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg body weight). A pressure transducer was inserted retrograde from the right carotid artery to the LV cavity, and intraventricular catheter recordings were performed by using Powerlab 8/30 (ML 870, AD Instruments, Castle Hill, Australia) to evaluate cardiac function. LV systolic pressure (LVSP, mmHg), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP, mmHg), heart rate, and maximal positive and negative first derivative of LV pressure (±dP/dt max) were measured and calculated.
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6

EEG Analysis of Alcohol Withdrawal

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At postnatal day 23, surgical screws were inserted into the skull over the frontal lobe and the contralateral occipital lobe (Weinberg et al., 2013 (link)). Subsequently, wires from a pin connector strip were attached to the screws, and the connector strip was secured to the skull with cranioplastic cement. One to two days later, 2 rats were switched to control liquid diet for two days followed by alcohol diet for the next 15 days while 2 control rats remained on CD throughout the experiment. On the day of withdrawal, EPOCH wireless transmitters (Ripple, Salt Lake City, UT) were attached to the pin connector strip. Rats were placed in new cages on an EPOCH wireless receiver tray (Ripple, Salt Lake City, UT) attached to Powerlab 8/30 (ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO). EEG data was recorded and analyzed using Chart5 software (ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO).
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7

Resting-State EEG Recording Protocol

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Subjects sat in a comfortable reclining chair with a mounted headrest during experiments. This experiment was performed in a shielded room (Tokin Ltd, Sendai, Japan). EEG data were sampled at 2,000 Hz using an A/D converter (Power Lab 8/30, AD Instruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA), amplified (BioTOP 6R12, NEC San-ei, Tokyo, Japan), low-pass filtered (70 Hz) and then stored on a personal computer for later off-line analysis. EEG data were recorded from the C3’ area (2.0 cm posterior to C3) and Fz positions of the international 10–20 system via Ag/AgCl electrodes (1.0 cm diameter). Two reference electrodes were placed on the A1 and Fz positions. The earth electrode was placed on the Cz position and the electro-oculogram data were recorded from two additional electrodes above and below the left eye (Vossen et al., 2015 (link)). Electrode skin impedance was always less than 10 kΩ. Subjects were instructed to maintain the rest position with their eyes closed for 4 min.
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8

Muscle Activity Measurement Protocol

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The EMG was recorded using disposable Ag/AgCl electrodes placed over the right first dorsal interosseous muscle in a belly−tendon montage. Recordings were sampled at 4000 Hz using an A/D converter (Power Lab 8/30, AD Instruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA), amplified 100× (A-DL-720-140, 4 Assist, Tokyo, Japan), and band-pass filtered between 20 and 1000 Hz.
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9

Systolic Blood Pressure Measurement in Rats

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Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured before treatment (basal value) and twice a week by the non-invasive “tail-cuff” method [47 (link)], recorded with a digital PowerLab data acquisition system (PowerLab 8/30; ADInstruments, Castle Hill, Australia) and analysed using LabChart 7.3.7 Pro (Power Lab; ADInstruments). Three consecutive blood pressure readings were taken in the morning between 9am and 1pm after warming the body of the rat to 37 °C for 5 min. Heart rate (HR in beats per minute) was also recorded before the treatments (basal) and at the end of 4 weeks of treatment.
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10

Patch-Clamp Recordings of Na+ Currents

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Na+ currents were recorded using a TEV-200A (Dagan Corporation, Minneapolis, MN, USA) amplifier and digitized at 40 kHz with PowerLab 8/30 (AD Instruments, Nagoya, Japan). Signals were filtered at 2 kHz using a Bessel four-pole filter (Dagan Corporation, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The P/N method was used to subtract capacitive transient currents [22] (link). Recording electrodes were prepared from borosilicate glass tubes (GC150TF-10; Warner Instruments, Hamden, CT, USA) using a P-1000 puller (Sutter Instruments, Novato, CA, USA). Electrodes were filled with 3 M KCl and had a resistance of 0.5–2.0 MΩ when measured in SOS. Oocytes were continuously perfused with SOS throughout the recording session, at a rate of 5 ml/min using a gravity-fed system. Experiments were performed at 18–19°C.
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