Statistical package for the social sciences 15

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Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0 is a software application designed for statistical analysis of data in the social sciences. It provides a comprehensive set of tools for data management, analysis, and reporting.

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Software version, by MedCalc (1 mentions)

14 protocols using statistical package for the social sciences 15

Seasonal Influence on IVF Outcomes

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All analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) for Windows. Normal distribution of data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Intragroup differences were investigated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Categorical variables were expressed as the number (with percentage). Differences between data categories were evaluated using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Statistical significance was assumed based on a probability of 0.05.
The sample size calculation was performed using the DSS statistical software package for research sample size calculations.¹⁷ The primary aim of this study was to compare the differences in clinical pregnancy rate between the seasons. It was calculated that a minimum of 80 participants in each group would be required to demonstrate a difference of at least 10% between the groups, with a power of 80% at the 5% significance level. This difference of 10% was taken both from a pilot study¹⁴ (link) and from our clinical experiments.

Pekcan M.K., Sarıkaya E., Tokmak A., İnal H.A, & Yılmaz N. (2019). Relationship between seasons and pregnancy rates during intrauterine insemination. A historical cohort. São Paulo Medical Journal, 137(4), 379-383.

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Socio-demographic and PCOS Factors Affecting Sexual Function

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Data are presented as number (%), unless otherwise indicated. To explore the association between the socio-demographic and PCOS characteristics with sexual function (Table 1), the method of multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Independent variables included the PCOS characteristics that were dichotomized, converted and coded as dummy variables. For example, menstrual cycle was converted to 1 that indicates amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, or being variable, or to 0 that indicates the remaining, while the variables remaining in the model were reported. A value of p<0.05 was accepted as significant. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Bazarganipour F., Ziaei S., Montazeri A., Foroozanfard F., Kazemnejad A, & Faghihzadeh S. (2014). Sexual Functioning among Married Iranian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. International Journal of Fertility & Sterility, 8(3), 273-280.

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Ear Measurements Statistical Analysis

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Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0 (SPSS Inc.; Chicago, IL, USA) program. Mann–Whitney U test was used to evaluate data of ear measurements, and the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used for intragroup comparisons. Results were presented as mean ± SD. P <.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Çoker T., Şahin S.H, & Süt N. (2021). The Effects of Glasgow Coma Scales and Bispectral Index on General Anaesthesia in Neurosurgery Patients. Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, 49(3), 230-237.

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Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

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All statistics were performed with the statistical package for the social sciences 15.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) and GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA). A P < 0.05 (2-tailed) was considered to be significant; all values are given as mean ± SEM. All boxplots indicate the upper and lower quartile of the median, which is indicated by the horizontal bar. The whiskers indicate max/min range of the values.

Hahurij N.D., Calkoen E.E., Jongbloed M.R., Roest A.A., Gittenberger-de Groot A.C., Poelmann R.E., De Ruiter M.C., van Munsteren C.J., Steendijk P, & Blom N.A. (2014). Echocardiographic Assessment of Embryonic and Fetal Mouse Heart Development: A Focus on Haemodynamics and Morphology. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 531324.

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Analyzing Gastric Biomarkers in Treatment

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Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0 (SPSS Inc.; Chicago, IL, USA) was used for the analysis of data. The parameters of blood and tissue samples before and after treatment were compared by the Mann–Whitney U-test. Comparison of gender, Helicobacter pylori (HP) in gastric antrum either/or corpus biopsy, esophagitis, CYP2c19-2, and usage of PPI were made by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A P-value of <.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Kasap E., Buran T., Toraman Avcu A., Solmaz Hasdemir P., Balcan E., Aktan Ç, & Korkmaz M. (2023). The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms and Treatment. The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 34(5), 533-541.

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Statistical Analysis of Qualitative Data

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Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0 program(SPSS Inc.; Chicago, IL, USA)was used for statistical analysis. While evaluating the study data, chi-square analysis was used to determine the relationship between qualitative data as well as descriptive statistical methods (frequency, ratio). Fisher exact test was used in some of the evaluations. Significance was evaluated atP < .01 andP < .05 levels.

Kültür Y., Özşahin M.K., Karaismailoğlu B., Davutluoğlu E., Güven M.F, & Şeker A. (2023). Diagnosis and Treatment Planning of Developmental Hip Dysplasia: Evaluation of Care Practices of the Members of the Turkish Pediatric Orthopedics Association. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 58(2), 174-181.

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Statistical Analysis of Clinical Data

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The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analyses. A post-hoc power analysis was performed and indicated that the power of the study was 94%. One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality of the data. Continuous data were defined as mean±standard deviation or median (25–75 interquartile range) and compared with the Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney U test according to the normality, whereas categorical data were defined as percentage and compared with the chi-squared test. Paired sample t test or Wilcoxon test were used to compare the pre-procedural and post-procedural data. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used for correlation analysis. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Bingöl Tanrıverdi T., Tercan M., Güsun Halitoğlu A., Kaya A, & Patmano G. (2020). Comparison of the Effects of Low-flow and Normal-flow Desflurane Anaesthesia on Inflammatory Parameters in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, 49(1), 18-24.

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Surgical Field Clarity Optimization

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Data were compiled analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA) statistical software package. Pearson Chi-square was used to examine the categorical data. MAP and HR within each group were analyzed using analysis of variance with Bonferroni's correction. Multivariate analysis was carried out to adjust surgeon's biased opinion and other confounding variables. To detect a significant difference of 10 mmHg in the MAP and also the associated simultaneous clarity of the surgical field between the groups, the overall sample size was estimated at 142 with a power of 80% and alpha error of 5%. However, 50 patients were selected for each group keeping in consideration the possible dropouts and for better validation of results. A P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Bajwa S.J., Kaur J., Kulshrestha A., Haldar R., Sethi R, & Singh A. (2016). Nitroglycerine, esmolol and dexmedetomidine for induced hypotension during functional endoscopic sinus surgery: A comparative evaluation. Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, 32(2), 192-197.

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Evaluating Statistical Approaches in Biomedical Research

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Levene’s and Shapiro–Wilk’s tests were applied to test the normality and variance homogeneity of data. Independent-samples T and Paired sample T-tests were used to analyze the differences of two numerical and normally distributed parameters between two independent and dependent groups, respectively. One-way analysis of variance parametric test was used to test the differences of means between 3 or more groups. The comparisons of continuous variables were also analyzed by Wilcoxon, Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U nonparametric tests. Statistically significance was tested by using Chi-square analysis categorical variables. Normally distributed numerical parameters were shown as mean ± standard deviation, skew distributed ones were presented as median and (min–max.) percentiles. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. To determine the optimal cutoff values of WBC, CRP, ESR and N/L variables, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Statistical analysis was conducted by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and MedCalc software, Version 9.2.0.1. p Values <.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Küçük H., Göker B., Varan Ö., Dumludag B., Haznedaroğlu Ş., Öztürk M.A., Tufan A., Emiroglu T, & Erten Y. (2016). Predictive value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in renal prognosis of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Renal Failure, 39(1), 273-276.

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Statistical analysis

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The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0 (SPSS 15.0, Chicago, IL, USA) for Windows was used for data analysis. A one-way ANOVA test was used to compare the groups; to detect differences between groups, a post doc Duncan's test was applied. A value of p < 0.001 was considered significant.

Celik E., Oguzturk H., Sahin N., Turtay M.G., Oguz F, & Ciftci O. (2015). Protective effects of hesperidin in experimental testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Archives of Medical Science : AMS, 12(5), 928-934.

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