Particle sizes and zeta potentials were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and phase analysis light scattering (PALS), using a Brookhaven ZetaPALS system (Brookhaven Instruments, Holtsville, NY, USA). The data were analyzed using the manufacturer’s software and applying a viscosity and refractive index of pure water at 25 °C. For size determination, the complexes were analyzed in five runs with a run duration of 1 min. Results are expressed as intensity weighted mean diameter from different experiments. Zeta potentials were measured in ten runs, with each run containing ten cycles, and applying the Smoluchowski model. Additionally, hydrodynamic diameters of the nanoparticles were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), using a NanoSight LM 10 HS apparatus (Malvern) equipped with a 640 nm sCMOS camera and a temperature controlled sample chamber, as described previously [45 (link),69 (link)].
Zetapals system
Manufactured by Brookhaven Instruments
Sourced in United States
The ZetaPALS system is a particle size and zeta potential analyzer developed by Brookhaven Instruments. It uses the technique of electrophoretic light scattering to measure the size and surface charge of particles suspended in a liquid medium.
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Lab products found in correlation
Lm10 hs apparatus, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Ge revolution, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Ingenia, by Philips (1 mentions)
Cary 60, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Nicolet nexus 670 ftir analyzer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ht7700 transmission electron microscope, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
5 protocols using zetapals system
1
Particle Characterization of Nanomaterials
2
Zeta Potential Analysis of Coal Samples
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Analyses of zeta potential of coal samples were conducted using a ZetaPALS system (Brookhaven Instruments, Holtsville, NY, USA). Suspensions containing 8.0 g of coal solids and 100 mL NaCl (1 mM L−1) as the background electrolyte were prepared in a beaker with agitation at 500 rpm for 4 min using a magnetic stirrer at a given pH. Then, the suspension was agitated for an additional 10 min after addition of DO or OPS (for addition of OPS and DO, OPS was added first and, 5 min later, DO was added and mixing allowed for another 5 min). After agitation, the suspension was allowed to stand for 24 h to allow coarse particles to settle. Next, 20 mL of the upper part of the suspension was used to conduct measurement of the zeta potential. For each sample, 30 measurements were taken and the average data reported.
3
Comprehensive Nanoparticle Characterization Protocol
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The morphology and elemental composition of the nanoparticles were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a high-resolution TEM (JEM 2100 F, Japan). The surface charge of the nanoparticles was determined using a Zeta PALS system (Brookhaven Instruments, Holtsville, NY, USA). The absorption spectra of the nanoparticles were measured using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (Agilent Cary 60, USA). The elemental concentration of the nanoparticles was determined using inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The imaging performance of the nanoparticles was evaluated using a spectral CT scanner (GE Revolution, USA) and a 3.0T magnetic resonance scanner (Philips Ingenia, the Netherlands).
4
Comprehensive Nanoparticle Characterization
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A Hitachi HT7700 transmission electron microscope (Tokyo, Japan) was used to detect the NPs. A ZetaPALS system (Brookhaven Instruments, Holtsville, NY) was used to detect the average size and surface potential of the synthesized NPs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were obtained using a Nicolet/Nexus 670 FTIR analyzer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at frequencies of 500–4000 cm−1.
5
Nanoparticle Size and Charge Characterization
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The particle size was measured by the dynamic light scattering using ZetaPALS system (Brookhaven Instruments Corporation, Holtville, NY, USA) at 90° light scattering and the temperature was maintained at 25°C, in a disposable cell by diluting 50 µl of nanopreparation to 5 ml with de-ionized water. Surface charge of the nanopreparations was measured with the same Zeta PALS system in de-ionized water and was monitored for three months.
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