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4 protocols using sc 2325

1

Western Blotting Procedure

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Cell lysates were
prepared as described
above. The proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto
polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. The samples were heated at 95
°C for 10 min in 6× Laemmli loading buffer and run on SDS-PAGE
in buffer containing 25 mM Tris and 192 mM glycine (Bio-Rad, catalog
no. 4569033) at 120 V for 50 min. The membranes were blocked with
5% milk (Santa Cruz catalog no. SC-2325) in TBS-Tween (0.1% Tween)
for 1 h, incubated with primary antibody o.n. at 4 °C and then
washed in TBS-Tween (0.1%, TBST) two times for 10 min each. After
incubation with secondary antibodies conjugated to HRP, the blots
were washed three times in TBS-Tween (5 min each) and processed using
an ECL Plus detection kit (GE Healthcare, Amersham ECL Prime catalog
no. RPN2232) or the SuperSignal West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate
(Thermo Scientific) as instructed by their suppliers.
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2

TSPO Protein Expression Analysis

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Tissue fragments were mechanically disrupted and placed in ice cold RIPA lysis and extraction buffer (Thermo) supplemented with protease inhibitors (Halt™ Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail, Thermo Scientific™). After incubation samples were centrifuged and the supernatant fraction was removed and protein concentration measured using BCA colorimetric assay (Invitrogen) per manufacturer’s instructions. Equal quantity of protein was loaded onto 12% polyacrylamide gels and then electrotransferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes at 100V for 60 minutes. Membranes were blocked with 5% milk (Blotto, Santa Cruz sc-2325) in TBS-T (tris-buffered saline (TBS) Tween20) for 60 minutes and then incubated overnight at 4 °C with antibodies directed against TSPO (EPBR5384, Abcam 109497) or GAPDH (cell signaling, 5174S). After washing and application of an HRP conjugated secondary antibody, blots were exposed with enhanced chemiluminescent (ECL, Pierce) substrate detected by autoradiography.
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3

SDS-PAGE and Western Blot Analysis of Siglec-7

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Cells were washed with PBS and lysed in lysis buffer (1% SDS, 62.5 mM Tris–HCl pH 6.8, 1% Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (v/v), containing 1 × protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche, 4,693,132,001) and 100 U benzonase nuclease (Novagen, 70,746–3). Subsequently, lysates were homogenized using a syringe, 4 × loading buffer was added (20% glycerol, 6% SDS, 25% Tris–HCl pH 6.8, 10% β-mercaptoethanol and bromophenol blue in MilliQ) and samples were boiled for 5 min at 95 °C. Lysates were resolved on a 7% SDS-PAGE gel and blotted to a nitrocellulose membrane. The membrane was blocked for 1 h at RT using blocking solution (3% bovine serum albumin (Roche, 10,735,094,001) and 1% non-fat dry milk (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-2325) in PBS-T (0.1% Tween 20 in PBS)). Subsequently, the membrane was washed with PBS-T and stained using 1 μg/ml mouse anti-Siglec-7 (clone 194,211, R&D Systems, MAB11381) and 1:1000 rabbit anti-β-actin (clone 13E5, Cell Signaling, 4970S, RRID:AB_2223172) in 1:4 blocking solution in PBS-T overnight at 4 °C. After washing the blot with PBS-T, it was incubated with 0.2 μg/ml IRDye 800CW goat-anti-mouse IgG (Westburg, 926–32,210, RRID:AB_621842) and 0.2 μg/ml IRDye680RD goat-anti-rabbit (Westburg, 926–68,071, RRID:AB_10956166) for 1 h at RT. Finally, the blot was washed with PBS-T and imaged on an Odyssey CLx infrared imaging system (LI-COR).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Protein Expression

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Total proteins of platelets were extracted by RIPA Lysis and Extraction Buffer (89900, Thermo Fisher Scientific). The proteins of platelets or Vero E6 cells or purified RBD were separated by 8% bis-tris sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (1620115, Bio-Rad). The blots were blocked with 5% fat-free milk (sc-2325, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) for 1 h at room temperature and then with an anti-ACE2 antibody (1:1,000, ab15348/ab272500/ab108252, Abcam; MA5-32307, Thermo Fisher Scientific; 21115-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-nucleocapsid antibody (40143-R001, Cell Signaling), anti-spike antibody (ZMS1076, Sigma), anti-transmembrane protease serine 2 antibody (AB92323, Abcam). or anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase antibody (5174, Cell Signaling) overnight at 4 °C. The membranes were then incubated with horse radish-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:3,000, 62-6520, Thermo Fisher Scientific) or anti-rabbit IgG (1:10,000, 111-035-003, Jackson ImmunoResearch) for 1.5 h at room temperature and visualized with enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) substrate (32106, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and Bio-Rad ChemiDoc imaging system. Densitometry was performed using Image Lab software (Bio-Rad).
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