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13 protocols using kh2po4

1

Quantifying Protein Levels and Glutarylation in Rat Cortex

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All used reagents were of the highest purity grade available. Trimethyl ester of adipoyl phosphonate (TMAP) was synthesized according to (19 (link)). EDTA was purchased from Serva (Germany); methanol—from Merck (Germany); Triton-X 100, KH2PO4, and NaCl—from Panreac (Spain); glycerol—from MP Biomedicals, LLC (Santa Ana, CA, United States). NAD+ was obtained from Gerbu (Heidelberg, Germany), oxidized glutathione—from Calbiochem (La Jolla, CA, United States). All other reagents were of the highest purity available and obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Helicon, Moscow, Russia). Deionized MQ-grade water was used to prepare solutions. The used antibodies are indicated in section “Western-Blotting Quantification of the Protein Levels of OADH, Sirtuin 3, and Sirtuin 5 and of Glutarylated Proteins in Rat Cerebral Cortex.”
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2

Formulation and Characterization of K-Carrageenan-Chitosan Nanoparticles

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κ-Carrageenan (κ-CAR) was provided by Sigma Aldrich, Co., St. Louis, MO, USA (Lot No. SLBH9868V). According to the supplier, this sample contains 11% K, 2.0% Na and 3.5% Ca. Low molecular weight chitosan (CS; SLBH5374V) with 75% deacetylation was also obtained from Sigma Aldrich, Co., St. Louis, MO, USA. Both polymers were used without further purification. Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) was obtained from Aldrich Chemistry, Steinheim, DE. Olive oil was supplied by Fluka®, St. Louis, MO, USA. Acetone was purchased from VETEC, St. Louis, MO, USA and Ethyl alcohol from FagaLab, Mocorito, MEX. Diflunisal (DF; 2′,4′-difluoro-4-hydroxy-(1,1′-biphenyl)-3-carboxylic acid) was supplied by Merck Sharp and Dohme, Madrid, ESP. Release media were prepared using the following reagents: HCl and Na2HPO4 (99%) from Sigma Aldrich and KH2PO4 (99%) from Panreac, Barcelona, ESP. All other reagents were of analytical grade without further purification. Milli-Q grade water (18.2 MΩ.cm at 25 °C) was used throughout the procedures.
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3

Juglone solutions in acetone and NaOH

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In this work, the following reagents were used: KH2PO4 (Panreac, Panreac, Spain Spain); NaOH (Reachem, Russia); CuSO4 × 5H2O (Reachem, Russia); acetone (Component-reaktiv, Russia); catalase from bovine liver (Sigma-ALDRICH, USA); medium L.B. (Liofilchem, Italy); malt extract agar (Pronadisa, Spain).
Crystalline substance, juglone(5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, Aldrich, H47003-1G), was used to prepare a 1 × 10−1 M stock solution of juglone in acetone. Using the stock solution, 1 × 10−2 M, 1 × 10−3 M, and 1 × 10−4 M solutions of juglone in acetone were prepared by the method of successive dilution. During the preparation of the dilutions and measurements, the solutions were kept in hermetically sealed vessels without access to light. Similarly, 1 × 10−1 M, 1 × 10−2 M, 1 × 10−3 M, and 1 × 10−4 M solutions of juglone were prepared using 5% NaOH solution and distilled water as solvents. The resulting alkaline solutions contained alkali in an amount of 0.008 g/mL.
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4

Cetirizine Formulation Development and Evaluation

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The active substance used was cetirizine dihydrochloride (Jubilant Lifesciences Ltd, India; CTZ). The excipients used for the study SeDeM were talc (Fagron, Spain), magnesium stearate (Fagron, Spain), and colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil ®, Fagron, Spain). The excipients used in the factorial design were mannitol (Fagron, Spain) and polyvinylpyrrolidone Ph. Eur (Fagron, Spain). The reagents used for the preparation of phosphate buffers solutions (solubility studies) were: 37% HCl (Panreac, Barcelona), NaCl (Panreac, Barcelona), NaOH (Panreac, Barcelona) and KH2PO4 (Panreac, BCN).
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5

Formulation and Characterization of Topical Ketorolac Gel

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Sodium alginate was purchased from Fagron Iberica (Terrassa, Spain). Ketorolac tromethamine and Nipagin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Barcelona, Spain). Nipasol was acquired from Acofarma (Barcelona, Spain), and Na2HPO4 and KH2PO4 were supplied by Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). PBS pH 7.6, gentamicin sulphate, and bovine serum albumin were provided by Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA); methanol was obtained from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. The adhesive tapes were obtained from D-squame, (Cuderm Co., Dallas, TX, USA).
The purified water was obtained from a Milli-Q1 Gradinet A10 system apparatus (Millipore Iberica S.A.U., Madrid, Spain). All the other chemicals and reagents used in the study were of analytical grade.
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6

Biopolymer-based Drug Delivery System

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Sodium alginate was purchased from Fagron Iberica (Terrassa, Spain). Ketorolac tromethamine and Nipagin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Barcelona, Spain). Nipasol was acquired from Acofarma (Barcelona, Spain), Hyaluronic acids were obtained from Fagron Iberica (Terrassa, Spain); Na2HPO4 and KH2PO4 were supplied by Panreac (Barcelona, Spain), NaCl and KCl were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), CaCl from Ferosa (Spain) Hepes was obtained from Fagron Iberica (Terrassa, Spain) and glucose from Sigma-Aldrich (Barcelona, Spain). The Millipore Express® PLUS 0.45 µm PES Membrane was from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), the Nylon membrane Filter with 0.45 µm pore size from Teknokroma (Barcelona, Spain) and the biomimetic membrane PermeaPad® from InnoME GmbH (Espelkamp, Germany).
The purified water was obtained from a Milli-Q1 Gradient A10 system apparatus (Millipore Iberica S.A.U., Madrid, Spain). All the other chemicals and reagents used in the study were of analytical grade.
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7

Biofilm Formation in C. glabrata

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C. glabrata strains were tested regarding their capacity to form biofilm on a polystyrene surface, recurring to the Presto Blue Cell Viability Assay. For that, the C. glabrata strains were grown in SDB (pH 5.6) medium and collected by centrifugation at mid-exponential phase. The cells were inoculated with an initial OD600nm = 0.05 ± 0.005 in 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates (Greiner) in SDB (pH 5.6) medium. Cells were cultivated at 30 °C during 24 ± 0.5 h with mild orbital shaking (70 r.p.m.). After the incubation time, each well was washed two times with 100 µL of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.4 (PBS contained per liter: 8 g NaCl (Panreac), 0.2 g KCl (Panreac), 1.81 g NaH2PO4.H2O (Merck), and 0.24 g KH2PO4 (Panreac), to remove the cells unattached to the formed biofilm. Then, Presto Blue reagent was prepared in a 1 : 10 solution in the medium used for biofilm formation, adding 100 µL of the solution to each well. Plates were incubated at 37 °C for 30 min. Afterwards, absorbance reading, at the wavelength of 570 and 600 nm for reference, was determined in a microplate reader (SPECTROstar Nano, BMG Labtech).
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8

Wheat Straw Pretreatment and Fermentation

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Carbamazepine (CBZ), BPA, estrone (E1), 17b-estradiol (E2), 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2), MnSO4, C2H3NaO2, H2O2, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP), and Tween-80 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Barcelona, Spain). Glucose, KH2PO4, NaC2H3O2, and CaCl2 were purchased from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain), meat peptone from Cultimed (Barcelona, Spain), yeast extract from iNtRON Biotechnology (Seongnam, South Korea), and MgSO4·7H2O from Fluka (Steinheim, Germany). Wheat straw was obtained from a local supplier (Carral, A Coruña, Spain) and stored at room temperature until use. The contents of cellulose and hemicellulose, as well as fermentable sugars in the wheat straw, are presented in Supplemental Table S1. These parameters are decisive in identifying the concentration of the C source present in the wheat straw for the formulation of the fermentation medium.
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9

Development of Alginate-Based Bioactive Formulations

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Sodium alginate was purchased from Fagron Iberica (Barcelona, Spain). Calcium chloride (CaCl2), ketorolac tromethamine (KT), and nipagin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Barcelona, Spain). Nipasol from Acofarma (Barcelona, Spain) and Na2HPO4, KH2PO4, and NaCl by Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Methanol from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The purified water was obtained from a Milli-Q1 Gradient A10 system apparatus (Millipore Iberica S.A.U. Madrid, Spain). All the other chemicals and reagents used in the study were of analytical grade.
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10

Yeast CPY Secretion Detection

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Yeast cultures were diluted to OD600nm of 0.15 using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 137 mM NaCl (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), 2.7 mM KCl (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), 10 mM Na2HPO4 (Panreac, Barcelona, Spain), 1.8 mM KH2PO4 (Panreac, Barcelona, Spain), pH 7.4), and 13.3 μL of culture was spotted onto a SC glucose plate. Upon 72 h of incubation at 26 °C, colonies were covered with a nitrocellulose membrane (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA). After 24 h at 26 °C, membranes were removed and washed with TBS-0.05% (v/v) Tween (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) solution to clear away all cells that remained attached. Detection of CPY secretion was carried out by immunoblotting, with mouse anti-CPY primary antibody (1:2000, Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) and anti-mouse IgG-peroxidase secondary antibody (1:5000, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).
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