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9 protocols using tnf α pe cy7

1

Ex vivo Analysis of Cytokine Responses

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Unstimulated BAL cells were stained ex vivo with anti-CD3-PE-Cy7 and CCR5-PE (both from BD) and with CD4-PE-Cy5.5 and CD8-Qdot705 (both from Invitrogen). Freshly stimulated BAL cells and stimulated cryopreserved blood cells were washed and stained with anti-CD4-PE-Cy5.5 and CD8-Qdot705 (both from BD), permeablized, and stained intracellularly with CD3-APC-H7, IFN-γ-Alexa700, and interleukin 2 (IL-2)-APC (all from BD) and with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-PE-Cy7 (eBiosciences). Cells were acquired on a BD Fortessa, using FACSDiva software, and data were analyzed using FlowJo (TreeStar) and Pestle and Spice [25 (link)]. A positive cytokine response was defined as a level that was twice the background level, a net response of >0.05%, and an event cutoff of 10 events, and all data are reported after subtraction of the background level.
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2

Ex vivo intracellular cytokine staining

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For intracellular cytokine staining, an ex vivo brefeldin A protocol was followed. Prior to staining, brain leukocytes were incubated with BFA (10 μg/mL, Sigma) in 1 mL complete RPMI for 2 h at 37 °C (5% CO2). Afterward, cells were resuspended in Fc Block, stained for surface antigens and washed in 100 μL of fixation/permeabilization solution (BD Biosciences) for 20 min. Cells were then washed twice in 300 μL permeabilization/wash buffer (BD Biosciences), resuspended in an intracellular antibody cocktail (0.25 μg for each antibody, 1:100 dilution) containing TNFα‐PE‐Cy7 (eBioscience) and IL‐1β‐PE (eBioscience), IL‐10‐APC and IL‐4‐PerCP‐Cy5.5 (BioLegend) and subsequently fixed.
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3

Multicolor Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping

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The following monoclonal antibodies were used and purchased from eBioscience: mouse anti-human α-CD3-Cyanin-7-allophycocyanin (APC-Cy7; clone OKT3); α-CD4-Pacific Blue (PB; clone RPA-T4); α-CD8-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC; clone SK1); α-CD25-Cyanin-7-phycoerytherin (PE-Cy7; clone BC96); and rat anti-mouse α-CD19-PE (clone 1D3); α-CD3-FITC (clone 17AD); α-CD90.1- Peridinin-chlorophyll protein-Cy5.5 (PerCP-Cy5.5) or –FITC (clone HIS51); α-CD8-PB or –PE or –V500 (clone 53-6.7); α-CD27-PE-Cy7 (clone LG.7F9); α-CD44-FITC or –PerCP-Cy5.5 (clone IM7); α-CD62L-APC-Cy7 (clone MEL-14); α-CD127-FITC (clone A7R34); α-KLRG1 (clone 2F1); INF-γ-FITC (clone XMG1.2); MIP-1α-PE (clone DNT3CC); TNF-α-PE-Cy7 (cloneMP6-XT22); and IL-2-APC (clone JES6-5H4) . The following monoclonal antibodies used to identify naïve and memory T cell subsets were purchased from BD Pharmingen: mouse anti-human α-CD27-PE (clone M-T271) and α-CD45RO-FITC (clone UCHL1). Apoptosis was assessed by FACS analysis of annexin V and 7AAD-stained cells (BD Pharmingen) as previously described (23 ). MitoTracker Red, MitoTracker Green, and LysoTracker Green were used and purchased from LifeTechnologies (Gaithersburg, MD).
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4

Cytokine Production and Degranulation Assay

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For analysis of cytokine production and CD107a degranulation, PBMCs were resuspended in RPMI containing 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 2 mM L-glutamine, and 10% FCS and incubated with monensin (1.25 μg/ml and anti-CD107a FITC (BD Biosciences, clone H4A3) for 4 hours. Following incubation, cells were stained with the phenotyping antibodies listed above. They were then fixed (2% PFA), permeabilized (1% Saponin), and incubated with the monoclonal antibodies TNF-α-PE-Cy7 (Ebioscience, clone MAb11) and IFN-γ-AF700 (Biolegend, clone 45.B3) for 20 minutes at room temperature. Cells were analyzed using an LSR-II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences).
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5

Intracellular Cytokine Profiling of Brain Leukocytes

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For intracellular cytokine staining, an ex vivo brefeldin A protocol was followed. Prior to staining, brain leukocytes were incubated with BFA (10 μg/mL, Sigma) in 1mL complete RPMI for 2h at 37 °C (5 % CO2). Afterward, cells were re-suspended in Fc Block, stained for surface antigens and washed in 100μL of fixation/permeabilization solution (BD Biosciences) for 20 minutes. Cells were then washed twice in 300μL permeabilization/wash buffer (BD Biosciences), re-suspended in an intracellular antibody cocktail (0.25μg for each antibody, 1:100 dilution) containing TNFα-PE-Cy7 (eBioscience) and IL-1β-PE (eBioscience), IL-10-APC and IL-4-PerCP-Cy5.5 (BioLegend) and subsequently fixed.
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6

Cytokine and Degranulation Assay for T Cells

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Following identification of CMV positive and negative donors, 2 × 106 cells were incubated at 37°C for 5 h with either PMA and ionomycin, CMV peptide mix (10 (link)) or EBV peptide mix at 10 μg/ml (Supplementary Table 6), along with protein cocktail inhibitor mix (eBiosciences). Live/dead red dye (Invitrogen), anti-CD3 APC-Cy7 (Biolegend) anti-CD8 Amcyan (BD Biosciences), were then applied before fixation and permeabilisation and IFN-γ AF700 (Biolegend) and TNF-α PE-Cy7 staining (eBioscience). Example flow plots can be found in supplementary (Figure S1). For assessing immune cell activation and cytotoxic degranulation, 2 × 106 cells were stimulated with either the above peptide mixes overnight at 37°C or a cell stimulation cocktail (Invitrogen) for 5 h. At the time of stimulation, CD107a FITC (Biolegend), along with brefeldin A and monensin was incorporated into the stimulation panel (example staining of CD107a can be found in supplementary).
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7

Ex Vivo Intracellular Cytokine Staining

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For intracellular cytokine staining, an ex vivo brefeldin A protocol was followed. Prior to staining, brain leukocytes (1×106 cells) were incubated with BFA (10 μg/mL, Sigma) in 1mL complete RPMI for 2h at 37 °C (5 % CO2). Afterward, cells were re-suspended in Fc Block, stained for surface antigens and washed in 100μL of fixation/permeabilization solution (BD Biosciences) for 20 minutes. Cells were then washed twice in 300μL permeabilization/wash buffer (BD Biosciences), re-suspended in an intracellular antibody cocktail (0.25μg for each antibody, 1:100 dilution) containing TNFα-PE-Cy7 (eBioscience) and IL-1β-PE (eBioscience), IL-10-APC and IL-4-PerCP-Cy5.5 (BioLegend), and subsequently fixed. Data were acquired on a CytoFLEX (Beckman Coulter) and analyzed with FlowJo (Treestar Inc.).
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8

Multicolor Flow Cytometry for Immune Cell Profiling

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The antibodies used were: CD3-PB (clone 17A2), CD3-AF700 (clone 17A2), CD4-Percp Cy5.5 (clone RM4-4), CD44-APC Cy7 (clone IM7), and CD45-PB (clone 30-F11) from BioLegend; CD4-Alexa Fluor 647 (clone RM4-5), CD8-FITC (clone 53-6.7), IFN-γ-APC-Cy7 (clone XMG1.2), and IL-2-PE (clone JES6-5H4) from BD Biosciences; and CD4-FITC (clone GK1.5), CD8a-Percp Cy5.5 (clone 53-6.7), CD11b-Percp Cy5.5 (clone M1/70), CD14-Percp Cy5.5 (clone Sa2-8), CD16/32-Percp Cy5.5 (clone 93), CD19-Percp Cy5.5 (clone 1D3), CD103-PE (clone 2E7), KLRG1-PE Cy7 (clone 2F1), CXCR3-PE (clone CXCR3-173), and TNF-α-PE Cy7 (clone MP6-XT22) from eBioscience.
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9

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Panel

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The following reagents were used: PD-1FITC, CTLA-4APC, CD4FITC/APC-H7/V500, CD14PerCP, CD19PerCP, CD3PerCP, Via Probe, Monensin, functional grade anti-CTLA-4 (BD Biosciences); CD244FITC, PD-1APC, CD127APC-Cy7, IL-2FITC, IFN-γPE, TNF-αPE-Cy7, anti-PD-L1/2 and anti-IgG1 isotype control (eBioscience); TIM-3APC (R&D Systems); CCR7FITC, CD57PacificBlue, CD45RAPacificBlue, functional grade anti-TIM-3 (Biolegend). Micro-Beadsanti-PE (Miltenyi). KLRG1AlexaFluor488 (clone: 13F12F2) was generated as described [14] (link).
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