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Alexa fluor 488 a 11008

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom

Alexa Fluor 488 (A-11008) is a fluorescent dye manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is designed for use in various biological applications, such as immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. The dye has an excitation maximum at 495 nm and an emission maximum at 519 nm, allowing it to be detected using standard fluorescein filter sets.

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5 protocols using alexa fluor 488 a 11008

1

Immunocytochemistry of Pluripotent Stem Cells

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iPS cells cultured in 24-well plates were washed with 500
μl/well PBS, fixed with 250 μl/well 4% paraformaldehyde
at room temperature for 20 minutes, and then washed with 500 μl/well PBS
three times. The cells were blocked and permeabilized with 250 μl/well
PBS with 0.1% Triton-X (PBS-T) supplemented with 5% bovine serum
albumin (BSA) at room temperature for 1 hour, and then in 200 μl/well
primary antibodies diluted 200 times in PBS-T with 5% BSA at 4°C
overnight. The primary antibodies (all purchased from Abcam) used in this study
were SOX2 (ab59776), OCT4 (ab19857), SSEA4 (ab16287), and TRA-1-81 (ab16289).
The cells were washed with 500 μl/well PBS-T three times, incubated with
200 μl/well secondary antibodies diluted 500 times in PBS-T with
5% BSA at room temperature for 1 hour, and then washed with 500
μl/well PBS three times. The secondary antibodies used were Alexa Fluor
488 Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (A-11001) and Alexa Fluor 488 (A-11008) or 594 (A-11012)
Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (Life Technologies). Finally, the cells were mounted with
75 μl/well VECTASHIELD Mounting Medium with DAPI (H-1200) (Vector
Laboratories). The pictures were taken by using BZ-9000 microscope
(Keyence).
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2

Histological Analysis and Immunofluorescence Staining

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For histological analysis, dissected tissues were fixed in a mixture of 2% PFA and 20% sucrose solution for 24 h at room temperature, and then embedded in Tissue-tek O.C.T. (Optimum Cutting Temperature) (Electron Microscopy Sciences). Blocks were frozen in a dry ice and ethanol bath. For immunofluorescence, 6 μm O.C.T. tissue cryosections were stained with antibodies against α-SMA (ab32575, 1:100), F4/80 (ab100790, 1:200), FN (66042-1-Ig, 1:100), Ly6G (ab25377, 1:100), CD31 (ab9498, 1:100), and S100A4 (16105-1-AP, 1:100). Secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (A-11008, 1:2000) and Alexa Fluor 594 (A-11032, 1:1000) were used (Life Technologies). Nuclear staining was done with DAPI. Immunofluorescence images were taken with a DMI3000B inverted microscope (Leica, Ernst-Leitz, Wetzlar, Germany). All experiments were conducted according to instructions from the antibody manufacturer.
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3

Visualizing Mitochondria in Larval Nervous System

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For J2 immunofluorescence on larvae brain, tissues were dissected in PBS, fixed for 5 minutes in 4% formaldehyde, and washed for 5 minutes. Larvae brain were then permeabilised for 2 hours in 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS, and saturated for 1 hour in 0.5% BSA, 0.1% Tween 20 in PBS (PBTB). Primary antibodies anti-dsRNA (Scicons J2: anti-dsRNA/100105500) and anti ATP synthase subunit 5a (Abcam ab151229) were used at 1:200 in PBTB for overnight at 4°C, and later washed for 1 hour in 0.1% Tween in PBS (PBTW). Secondary antibodies (Molecular Probes, IgG,568, A-11031, and Life Technologies, Alexa Fluor488, A-11008) were used at 1:500 for 2 hours and washed for 1 hour in PBTW. Preparations were mounted in Vectashield/DAPI (Vector). A LSM880 Zeiss confocal microscope was used for imaging.
Mitochondria of the ventral nerve cord were visualised by crossing dmpnpaseKO, dmsuv3KD, dmlrpprc1KD,dmmtpapKO, or dmpnpaseOE/dmsuv3OE flies to previously generated UAS-mit::dendra2 flies (w;elav-gal4,uasmit::dendra2;) [54 (link)]. For in situ detection of mit::dendra2, living larval central nervous systems were rapidly dissected, mounted into PBS, and immediately imaged, using a LSM880 Zeiss confocal microscope.
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4

Immunocytochemistry of Pluripotent Stem Cells

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iPS cells cultured in 24-well plates were washed with 500
μl/well PBS, fixed with 250 μl/well 4% paraformaldehyde
at room temperature for 20 minutes, and then washed with 500 μl/well PBS
three times. The cells were blocked and permeabilized with 250 μl/well
PBS with 0.1% Triton-X (PBS-T) supplemented with 5% bovine serum
albumin (BSA) at room temperature for 1 hour, and then in 200 μl/well
primary antibodies diluted 200 times in PBS-T with 5% BSA at 4°C
overnight. The primary antibodies (all purchased from Abcam) used in this study
were SOX2 (ab59776), OCT4 (ab19857), SSEA4 (ab16287), and TRA-1-81 (ab16289).
The cells were washed with 500 μl/well PBS-T three times, incubated with
200 μl/well secondary antibodies diluted 500 times in PBS-T with
5% BSA at room temperature for 1 hour, and then washed with 500
μl/well PBS three times. The secondary antibodies used were Alexa Fluor
488 Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (A-11001) and Alexa Fluor 488 (A-11008) or 594 (A-11012)
Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (Life Technologies). Finally, the cells were mounted with
75 μl/well VECTASHIELD Mounting Medium with DAPI (H-1200) (Vector
Laboratories). The pictures were taken by using BZ-9000 microscope
(Keyence).
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5

Investigating Cellular Pathways through siRNA

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The DUB siRNA library (ON-TARGETplus), USP9X siRNA pool and individual siRNA targeting USP9X (USP9X_6 5′-AGAAAUCGCUGGUAUAAAU-3′ and USP9X_8 5′-GUACGACGAUGUAUUCUCA-3′) were from Horizon Discovery (Cambridge, UK). The non-targeting control siRNA (AllStars Negative Control siRNA) was from Qiagen (Manchester, UK). The following antibodies were used: PARP-1 (sc-53643) and Mcl-1 (sc-819; both Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany), γH2AX (05-636; Merck-Millipore, Watford, UK), USP9X (A301-350A) and 53BP1 (A300-272A; both Bethyl Labs, Montgomery, AL), LC3B (2775) and β-Galactosidase (9860; both Cell Signaling Technology, London, UK), Pericentrin (ab4448; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), CEP55 (23891-1-AP) and CEP131 (25735-1-AP; both Proteintech, Manchester, UK) and tubulin (T6199; Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK). Goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 555 (A21422) or goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488 (A11008) secondary antibodies for immunofluorescence were from Life Technologies (Paisley, UK).
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