High density lipoprotein cholesterol hdl c

E. cristatum obtained from the China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (Beijing, China) was cultured according to our previous method [8 (link)]. The stored E. cristatum was activated and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at 28 °C for 72 h. The harvested spores were mixed with distilled water and counted using a hemocytometer. Based on the counting concentration, the working concentration was adjusted to 10⁶ and 10⁸ CFU/mL using distilled water. For the colon-derived A. muciniphila, it was grown in a brain–heart infusion medium under strict anaerobic conditions using a suitable anaerobic chamber (100% N₂). The culture was maintained at 37 °C for 48 h, followed by storage at −80 °C for future use. The BCA Protein Assay Kits, total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were purchased from Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute Co. Ltd. (Nanjing, China). The antibodies UCP1 (ab10983, 1:500 dilution), PRDM16 (ab106410, 1:500 dilution), and Cy3-conjugated IgG (ab97075, 1:200 dilution) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China) provided the TRIzol reagent, reverse transcription kit, and SYBR green mixture.