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6 protocols using fitc il 4

1

Basophil Activation Profiling in Humans and Mice

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Human basophils were gated on FcεRIα-FITC/CD123-PerCP/Cy5.5/CD203c-PE (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA) positive cells after extracellular and intracellular staining. The expression levels of CD203c-PE, CD62L-APC, FcεRIα-FITC, CCR7-APC, CD63-APC, IL-13-APC, B cell-activating factor (BAFF)-APC (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA), IL-4-PE-Cy7, and IL-6-APC (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) in basophils were quantified and expressed as relative fluorescence units (the ratio of mean fluorescence intensity normalized to controls) or as a positive percentage of total basophils.
Mouse basophils were gated on CD49b-APC/IgE-PE (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA). The expression levels of the activation marker CD200R-FITC (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA) (26 (link)), IL-4-FITC, and IL-6-FITC (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) were quantified and expressed in the same way as for human basophils. A FACScanto™ Π flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA) and Lysys II software (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA) or FlowJo Software (Tree Star, San Carlos, CA, USA) were used to acquire and analyze the data.
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2

Isolation and Analysis of Murine Lung-Infiltrating Immune Cells

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BALF were collected by flushing the lungs with 1 ml of PBS supplemented with protease inhibitors using a winged shielded catheter (1.3630 mm, BD Utah) inserted, through an incision, in the trachea of euthanized mice. Lung cells were harvested day 5 post challenge and isolated by homogenization as previously described (Lee et al., 2017 (link)). For intracellular cytokine staining analysis of T cell responses, lung and BALF cells were stimulated with F51–66 CD4 T cell epitope of RSV F (5μg/ml), and then the cells were fixed and permeabilized according to the manufacturer’s instructions (BD Biosciences) as described in our previous studies (Ko et al., 2015 ; Lee et al., 2017 (link)). Intracellular cytokine and surface makers for T cells were stained with antibodies for IFN-γ-APC/Cy7, IL-4-FITC, CD4-APC, CD8-PE (eBioscience/BD Biosciences). Infiltrating innate immune cells were detected with antibodies for CD11b-APC, F4/80-FITC, Ly6c-A700 or Siglec F-PE (BD Biosciences). Cellular phenotypes were collected with the Becton-Dickinson LSR-II/Fortessa flow cytometer (BD, San Diego, CA). Flow cytometry data acquired were analyzed by using Flowjo software (Tree Star Inc.).
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3

Characterization of Lung Immune Cells

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The MNCs from lungs were obtained and resuspended in the fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) buffer (1‐2 × 106 cells/mL), and then blocked using anti‐CD16/CD32 antibody (clone 2.4G2; BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA) to avoid non‐specific binding and subsequently labelled with isotype controls or the following antibodies: FITC‐CD4, FITC‐IFN‐γ, FITC‐IL‐4 and PeCy7‐FoxP3, PeCy5‐TCR‐β (eBioscience) and PE‐PBS‐57/mCD1d tetramer (gifted by the Natural Institutes of Health tetramer core facility). Invariant natural killer T cells were determined as PBS‐57/mCD1d tetramer and TCR‐β double‐positive cells. For intracellular cytokine staining, lung MNCs were cultured for 4‐6 hours with 50 ng/mL phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) and 500 ng/mL ionomycin in the presence of monensin (1 μL/mL) (all from Sigma). Cells were collected and washed, and then intracellular staining was performed following the manufacturer's procedures (eBioscience). Treg cells were measured as CD4+ FoxP3+ cells. Intracellular staining for FoxP3 was performed using Fix/Perm buffer reagents (eBioscience) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Cells were detected by flow cytometry (BD FACSAria III, BD Biosciences) and the acquired data were analysed using FlowJo software (Tree Star, San Carlos, CA).
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4

Murine Immunology Assays Protocol

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PE-CD80, PE-CD83 and FITC-CD40 antibodies were purchased from Ebioscience, USA (12-0801, 12-0831 and 11-0402). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was purchased from Sigma, USA (L3012). Mouse GM-CSF and IL-4 were from Sino Biological, China (51048-M07H, 51084-M08B). Anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies were obtained from Ebioscience, USA (16-0031-82, 16-0281-82). Aluminum hydroxide was from Thermo Fisher, USA (77161). Peroxidase-labeled goat anti-mouse IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a Fc antibody were from Southernbiotech, USA (1110-05, 1070-05 and 1155-05). ELISA kits for IL-5 and IL-13 detection were from 4A Biotech, China (CME0003, CME0009). ELISA kits for IL-4 and IFN-γ were purchased from Ebioscience, USA (88-7044, 88-7314). Anti-mouse TLR2 antibody and Mouse IgG1, κ Isotype Ctrl were obtained from Biolegend, USA (121802, 400101). TLR4 signaling inhibitor was from Invivogen, USA (CLI-095). DNase I and collagenase D were from Sangon Biotech, China (B002004 and A004186). APC-CD45, FITC-NK-1.1, FITC-CD19 and PE-CD90 were obtained from Biolegend, USA (103111, 108705, 115505 and 205903). PerCP-IL-33R and FITC-Lineage antibodies were purchased from Ebioscience, USA (46-9333, 22-7770). PerCP-CD4, FITC-IL-4, PE-IFN-γ, PE-CD11c and PerCP-Siglec-F were purchased from Ebioscience, USA (46-0041, 11-7042, 12-7311, 12-0114 and 46-1702).
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5

Lung MNC Immune Profiling by Flow Cytometry

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Lung MNCs were resuspended in the FACS buffer (1–2 × 106 cells/mL). Cells were first blocked with anti-CD16/CD32 antibody (clone 2.4G2; BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA) and then labeled with isotype controls or the following antibodies: FITC-IL-4, FITC-IFN-γ, PeCy5-TCR-β (eBioscience), PE-PBS-57 (α-GalCer analog)/CD1d tetramer (NIH tetramer core facility). Dead cells were excluded by forward scatter and side scatter. iNKT cells were measured as PBS-57/CD1d tetramer and TCR-β double-positive cells. For intracellular cytokine staining, lung MNCs were cultured for 4 to 6 h with 500 ng/mL ionomycin and 50 ng/mL phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in the presence of monension (1 μL/mL). Cells were harvested and washed, and intracellular staining was performed according to the manufacturer’s protocol (eBioscience). Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry (Epics Altra; Beckman, Seattle, WA).
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6

Quantifying IgE and IgG1 Antibodies

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The using antibodies for measuring IgE and IgG1 were purchased from Southern biotech, USA. PE-CD80, PE-CD83 and MHC II antibodies were purchased from Ebioscience, USA (12-0801, 12-0831 and 11-5321). Aluminum hydroxide and Thetetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was purchased from Thermo Fisher, USA (77161) and Solarbio, China (R1200), respectively. ELISA kits for IL-4 and IFN-γ detection were purchased from Ebioscience, USA (88-7044 and 88-7314). PerCP-CD4, FITC-IL-4, PE-IFN-γ, PE-CD11c and PerCP-Siglec-F were obtained from Ebioscience, USA (46-0041, 11-7042, 12-7311, 12-0114 and 46-1702). All other chemicals were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals were of analytical grade unless otherwise stated.
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