The products obtained were analyzed, as described in Reference [37 ]. The samples were identified by gas chromatography, using the GC instrument Hewlett Packard 5890 (Palo Alto, California, Estados Unidos), equipped with an Agilent HP-1 column (30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25 µm). The detector employed was a FID detector working at 240 °C, and an injection port, working at 220 °C. The temperature program for a typical run was as follows: (i) 35 °C isothermal for 6 min, (ii) from 35 to 230 °C with a heating rate of 20 °C min−1, and (ii) isothermal at 230 °C for 26 min. The retention times for the main components GVL and LA were 5.4 and 9.5 min, respectively. The LA conversion was compared against a blank run, undertaken at room temperature and in absence of a catalyst. Experiments with a gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS 5977A MSD-7890A, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) were carried out in order to identify the minority reaction products.
Gc ms 5977a msd 7890a
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The GC-MS 5977A MSD-7890A is a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system manufactured by Agilent Technologies. It combines a gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometer, allowing for the separation, identification, and quantification of complex mixtures of chemical compounds.
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Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Biofuel Precursors
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GC-FID and GC-MS Analysis of Reaction Products
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LA, GVL and the remaining reaction products were analyzed, as described in ref. 21 and 41 (link).
The liquid samples were identified by gas chromatography, using the GC instrument Hewlett Packard 5890 (Palo Alto, California, USA), equipped with an Agilent HP-1 column (30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25 μm). The detector employed was a FID detector working at 240 °C, and an injection port, working at 220 °C. The temperature program for a typical run was as follows: (i) 35 °C isothermal for 6 min, (ii) from 35 to 230 °C with a heating rate of 20 °C min−1, and (iii) isothermal at 230 °C for 26 min. The retention times for GVL and LA were 5.4 and 9.5 min, respectively. Controls without LA and without catalysts were also analyzed to compare with the other reaction samples. Finally, liquid samples were also analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS 5977A MSD-7890A, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) to identify other reaction byproducts. In this case, the retention times for GVL and LA were 12.4 and 16.4 min, respectively.
Gas analysis was undertaken to observe possible gas phase products and quantify the amount of hydrogen. This analysis was done utilizing a Hewlett Packard 5890 (Palo Alto, California, USA) gas chromatograph equipped with two columns: (i) Carbosieve-S and (ii) Porapak QS.
The liquid samples were identified by gas chromatography, using the GC instrument Hewlett Packard 5890 (Palo Alto, California, USA), equipped with an Agilent HP-1 column (30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25 μm). The detector employed was a FID detector working at 240 °C, and an injection port, working at 220 °C. The temperature program for a typical run was as follows: (i) 35 °C isothermal for 6 min, (ii) from 35 to 230 °C with a heating rate of 20 °C min−1, and (iii) isothermal at 230 °C for 26 min. The retention times for GVL and LA were 5.4 and 9.5 min, respectively. Controls without LA and without catalysts were also analyzed to compare with the other reaction samples. Finally, liquid samples were also analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS 5977A MSD-7890A, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) to identify other reaction byproducts. In this case, the retention times for GVL and LA were 12.4 and 16.4 min, respectively.
Gas analysis was undertaken to observe possible gas phase products and quantify the amount of hydrogen. This analysis was done utilizing a Hewlett Packard 5890 (Palo Alto, California, USA) gas chromatograph equipped with two columns: (i) Carbosieve-S and (ii) Porapak QS.
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