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9 protocols using takara minibest bacteria genomic dna extraction kit ver 3

1

Heterologous Expression of Biogenic Amine Enzymes

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E. coli DH5α and E. coli BL21 (DE3) were provided by Tiangen Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Lactobacillus sakei LS was isolated from a kind of fermented fish product [10 (link)]. TaKaRa MiniBEST Bacteria Genomic DNA Extraction Kit Ver.3.0, DNA Ligation Kit Ver.2.1, PrimeSTAR® Max DNA Polymerase, enzymes (SacI and XhoI) and DNA markers for molecular cloning were obtained from Takara Bio Inc. (Dalian, China). Copper chloride (CuCl2), isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), histamine, and tyramine were purchased from Aladdin Company (Shanghai, China). Nickel-chelating nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) agarose gel was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Various kits (SanPrep Column Plasmid Mini-Preps Kit, SanPrep Column DNA Gel Extraction Kit, SanPrep Column PCR Product Purification Kit), 2,2 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were purchased from Sigma (Shanghai, China). Kanamycin was purchased from Shenggong Bioengineering Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). A protein marker was purchased from Biyuntian Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). LB medium was purchased from Qingdao Haibo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China). All other chemicals and reagents were analytical grade. Fish, tofu, and grape juice were purchased from the local market (Dalian, China).
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2

Bacterial Genomic DNA Extraction and Sequencing

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The genomes of the isolates were extracted using the TaKaRa MiniBEST Bacteria Genomic DNA Extraction Kit Ver.3.0 (TAKARA, Dalian, China) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Genome sequencing was carried out by the Shanghai Majorbio company. DNA libraries harboring 400 bp DNA fragments were prepared using the NEXTflexTMRapid DNA-Seq following manufacturer’s instructions and pair-end sequenced (2 × 150 bp) on the HiSeq × 10 system (Illumina, San Diego, CA, United States). The quality of the sequence criteria was Q20 ≥ 90%, the depth of sequencing was 100-fold of the genome coverage. The original image data is transferred into sequence data via base calling, which is defined as raw reads and saved as FASTQ file. Quality information by Fastp software V0.20.12 was applied for quality trimming, by which the low-quality data was removed to form clean data. The assembly of the clean reads was performed using SOAPdenovo23. The sequence reads for 64 isolates are deposited and publicly available under the bioproject accession number PRJEB41790. Publicly available genome sequences of 20 clinical isolates were referred to compare the evolutionary relationship (Supplementary Table 2).
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3

Quantifying Plasmid Copy Number via qPCR

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As described in reference [23 (link)], the plasmid copy number (PCN) was determined using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The copy number of the chromosomal single-copy atpF gene was used as an internal reference, and the copy number of the plasmid repA fragment was defined as the plasmid copy number. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted using TaKaRa MiniBEST Bacteria Genomic DNA Extraction Kit Ver.3.0 (TaKaRa, Japan) following the instruction manual, and qPCR was performed using the TB Green Premix Ex TaqTM II (Tli RNaseH Plus) reagent kit (TaKaRa, Japan) on Applied Biosystems ViiATM 7 Dx (Life Technologies, USA). The thermal cycling parameters for the qPCR reaction were as follows: pre-denaturation at 95℃ for 7 min; denaturation at 95℃ for 10 s, annealing at 60℃ for 30 s, and 40 cycles. The PCN was calculated using the relative quantification formula 2-ΔΔCT, with the reference gene being atpF. Primers used in this study were shown in Table S1.
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4

DNA Extraction from S. mutans

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After treatment with Cys0.5-nFeS or 0.1 M NaOAc for 30 min, S. mutans UA159 was lysed by lysozyme and proteinase K for DNA extraction. Bacterial lysate was collected and processed by using a TaKaRa MiniBEST bacteria Genomic DNA Extraction Kit Ver. 3.0 (TaKaRa, Japan). In the latter experiments, DNA extracts were identified in agarose gel electrophoresis with ethidium bromide staining.
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5

Detecting Efflux System Genes in Bacteria

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DNA was extracted from the sixty-four isolates by the TaKaRa MiniBEST Bacteria Genomic DNA Extraction Kit Ver.3.0 (TaKaRa Bio Inc., Japan). The presence of efflux system genes (adeB, adeE, adeH, adeJ, abeM and abeS) was detected by PCR with specific primers [24 (link)–26 (link)] designed and produced by Shanghai Sangon Company (Sangon, Shanghai, China), and the amplicons obtained were sequenced by the same company. The sequence analyses were performed with NCBI BLAST (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi). All of the primer sequences used in this study are listed in S2 Table.
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6

Bacterial Isolation and Genomic DNA Extraction

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The bacteria species used in the study are listed in Table 1. Some were isolated by our laboratory from pig farms in Liaoning province of China (marked in “source” column) and identified by their biochemical features and 16S rDNA sequencing. Others were purchased from China Veterinary Culture Collection Center, Tecon biology Co. Ltd. or Beijing Zhongyuan Ltd. respectively. Synovial fluids of pigs with GPS were collected from the slaughterhouses in Shenyang city and identified by GPS isolation in our laboratory. Positive synovial fluid samples were stored at − 80 °C. G. parasuis was cultured as described previously [22 (link)]. For bacterial enumeration, 100 μL of serially diluted bacterial suspension were plated on TSA and incubated at 37oC for 24 h. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted using the Takara MiniBEST Bacteria Genomic DNA Extraction Kit Ver.3.0 (Takara Biotech Co. Ltd., Dalian, China) according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Extracted DNA was quantified by Nanodrop2000 (ThermoFisher, US) and stored in our laboratory.
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7

Bacterial Genomic DNA Extraction Protocol

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Staphylococcus aureus isolates were cultured and centrifuged as previously described (Liang et al., 2017 (link)), and subsequently re-suspended in 300 μl of buffer BS (Takara Bio, Beijing, China). Five microliters of 6 units of lysostaphin was added and incubated at 37°C for 30 min according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China). After centrifugation at 13,839 × g for 5 min at 4°C, the supernatant was mixed with 200 μl of buffer GB (Takara Bio) and 200 μl of 100% ethanol (Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory, Guangzhou, China), and transferred to a spinning tube (Takara Bio). The remaining steps followed the instructions provided with the TaKaRa MiniBEST Bacteria Genomic DNA Extraction Kit Ver.3.0 (Takara Bio).
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8

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Evolved Strains

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Whole-genome sequencing was performed on both the resistance evolved strains and the ancestral strains to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variations and potential structural variations. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted using TaKaRa MiniBEST Bacteria Genomic DNA Extraction Kit Ver.3.0 (TaKaRa, Japan). A chromosome library with an insert size of 300 bp was prepared and sequenced on the NextSeq 500 high-throughput sequencing platform (Illumina, USA). The raw paired-end reads were filtered using fastp v0.12.5 [24 (link)], and de novo assembly was performed using Unicycler v0.4.9b [25 (link)]. The resulting scaffolds were annotated using Prokka v1.14.6 [26 (link)]. Breseq v0.35.5 was used to align the raw paired-end reads from the evolved strains to the ancestral strain ECNX52, enabling the identification of SNP variations and potential structural variations [27 (link)]. PCR and Sanger sequencing methods were employed to validate the SNP loci.
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9

Investigating TroHepc2-22 Hydrolase Activity

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To investigate whether TroHepc2-22 has hydrolase activity on bacterial genomic DNA, the gel retardation assay was performed as previously reported [57 (link)]. For the in vitro assay, bacterial genomic DNA from the tested bacteria were extracted with the TaKaRa MiniBEST Bacteria Genomic DNA Extraction Kit Ver.3.0 (Takara Bio, Beijing, China), and then the NanoPhotometer (NanoDrop2000c, Thermo Sicentifc, USA) was used to measure its quality and concentration. Bacterial gDNA (100 ng) was incubated with TroHepc2-22 (final concentrations at two-fold dilution from 64 μM to 1 μM) in a total volume of 10 µL. Meanwhile, the same volumes of 64 μM P86P15 and Dnase I were applied as the negative and positive controls, respectively. Finally, the mixture was incubated for 1 h at room temperature and subjected to 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. Bacterial gDNA agarose gel electrophoresis maps were obtained by gel imager photography (Gel Doc XR, BIO-RAD, Hercules, CA, USA).
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