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4 protocols using mouse ifn α

1

Purification and Analysis of Mouse IFN-α

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Recombinant proteins of mouse sortilin and cytokines except for mouse IFN-α were purchased from R&D. GST-fused mouse IFN-α was purified as follows: the plasmid pGEX-IFNA2 was introduced into Escherichia coli strain Rosetta 2(DE3) (Novagen, Madison, WI). Plasmid-bearing cells were initially grown aerobically at 37 °C on L medium46 containing 100 μg/ml ampicillin. Expression of recombinant proteins was then induced by the addition of 0.2 mM IPTG at 20 °C for 18 h. Cell lysates were prepared with FastBreak Cell Lysis Reagent (Promega, Madison, WI). Isolated supernatants were purified with a GSTrap 4B column (GE Lifesciences). Eluted protein fractions were then desalted through a HiTrap Desalting column (GE Lifesciences) and fractions containing purified proteins were concentrated with Vivaspin 20 spin columns (GE Lifesciences). Concentrated proteins were stored at −80 °C until use. Surface plasmon resonance analysis was performed as described47 (link) on a Biacore X instrument (GE Lifesciences). Kinetic parameters were determined using BIAevaluation software.
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2

Murine NK Cell Activation Assay

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A total of 2–4 × 104 mouse NK cells were purified and stimulated for 3 h in RPMI plus medium supplement (10% FBS, 1× sodium pyruvate, 1× l-glutamine, 1× pen/strep, 1× MEM-NEAA) with 20 ng ml−1 mouse IL-2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 20 ng ml−1 mouse IL-15 (R&D Systems), 20 ng ml−1 mouse IL-12 (R&D Systems), 10 ng ml−1 mouse IL-18 (MBL) and/or 100 IU mouse IFN-α (R&D Systems). Cells were cultured in medium alone as unstimulated controls.
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3

Quantifying pDC Cytokine and Chemokine Production

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pDCs were cultured at 2.5×106 cells/mL with IMQ and CpG in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% Pen/Strep, 1% nonessential amino acids, 1% sodium pyruvate, and 0.1% β-mercaptoethanol. Supernatant were collected after 36 hours, and analyzed with the following ELISA kits: mouse IFN-α (R&D Systems, USA), and mouse Granzyme B (Elabscience, USA). The levels of cytokine IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as the levels of chemokine CCL3 and CCL5, in supernatant from resting or activated pDCs were analyzed using a cytometric bead array (CBA; BD, USA). The levels of chemokine CCL3 and CCL5 in serum from mice treated with resting or activated pDCs were analyzed using CBA. Briefly, 50 μl of samples or recombinant standards were added to 50 μl of mixed capture beads, and incubated for 3 hours with 50 μl of phycoerythrin-conjugated detection antibodies (Ab-PE) to form sandwich complexes. After washing to remove unbound Ab-PE detection reagent and performing FACS analysis using FACSArray (BD, USA), results were generated using FCAP Array software (BD, USA).
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4

Generating Stable Cell Lines Expressing Sialidases

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CHO-K1 cells were kindly provided by Dr. J. D. Esko (University of California, San Diego, CA, USA) and were transfected or transduced to obtain stable cell lines expressing hSn (hSn + -CHO) and mSn (mSn + -CHO) [37] . These cells were subcultured in RPMI with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (iFBS). Primary mouse bone marrow macrophages were collected in RPMI medium. After removing red blood cells with an ammonium-chloridepotassium lysis buffer (VWR and Janssen Chimica), macrophages were seeded in RPMI with 10% iFBS, 1% non-essential amino acids, 1% sodium pyruvate, 1% glutamine and with addition of L929 supernatant and 500 U/ml mouse IFN-α (R&D) in the medium. L929 supernatant was collected from cells kindly provided by Dr. C. Uyttenhove (Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium). Human monocytes were obtained from blood of healthy volunteers from the Belgian Red Cross-Flanders. The monocellular cells were isolated from the blood using Ficoll (Sigma-Aldrich). CD14 + monocytes were isolated using MACS separation following manufacturer's instructions (Miltenyi Biotec). The cells were seeded in RPMI with 10% heat inactivated human serum, 1% non-essential amino acids, 1% sodium pyruvate and 1% glutamine. After two days in culture, 50 ng/ml human IFN-α was added for three days to obtain hSn-positive macrophages.
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