Atipamezol

Manufactured by Pfizer

Atipamezol is a reversible alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist used as a laboratory research tool. It functions by blocking the effects of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, which can be used to study the role of these receptors in various physiological and pharmacological processes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Medetomidine, by Pfizer (4 mentions) Jon a pe, by Emfret Analytics (2 mentions) Kollagenreagent horm, by Takeda Pharmaceuticals (2 mentions) Apyrase type 3, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Adenosine diphosphate (adp), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Human fibrinogen, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Prostacyclin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Heparin sodium, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ecl solution, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) Igepal ca 630, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Convulxin, by Enzo Life Sciences (1 mentions) α thrombin, by Roche (1 mentions) U46619, by Alexis Biochemicals (1 mentions) Rimadyl, by Zoetis (1 mentions) Midazolam, by Pfizer (1 mentions) Fentanyl, by Pfizer (1 mentions) C57bl 6n, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions) Cofilin, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Thrombin, by Roche (1 mentions) Goat anti rabbit igg hrp, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)

5 protocols using atipamezol

LPS-induced Lung Inflammation: Clove Extract Intervention

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LPS of Escherichia coli O55: B6 (Sigma) was used to induce lung inflammation. Animals were divided randomly into four groups with 8–10 mice in each group. (1) Control group, received saline (NaCl 0.9%), (2) SAAE group, received 200 mg/kg of clove extract by intraperitoneal route (IP) and saline by intratracheal route (IT). (3) LPS group, received saline by IP route and LPS (5 µg/mouse) by IT route. (4) SAAE + LPS group, received 200 mg/kg of clove extract by IP route and LPS (5 µg/mouse) by IT route.
According to group, the mice received a first IP injection [Saline (group 1; and 3) or 200 mg/kg SAAE (group 2 and 4)] on day 0 (D0). On D1, they received a second IP injection [Saline (group 1; and 3) or 200 mg/kg SAAE (group 2 and 4)]. Three hours after the second IP injection, the mice received a cocktail of anaesthetics [75 mg/kg ketamin (Virbac Santé Animale, Carros, France) plus 1 mg/kg medetomidine (Pfizer, Paris, France)], before IT instillation [Saline (groups 1 and 3) or 5 µg LPS/mouse (groups 2 and 4)]. The mice were aroused by an IP injection of 1 mg/kg atipamezol (Pfizer), a medetomidine antagonist, and were sacraficed 24 h later.

Chniguir A., Zioud F., Marzaioli V., El-Benna J, & Bachoual R. (2019). Syzygium aromaticum aqueous extract inhibits human neutrophils myeloperoxidase and protects mice from LPS-induced lung inflammation. Pharmaceutical Biology, 57(1), 56-64.

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Platelet activation assays using agonists

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Collagen (Kollagenreagent Horm; Nycomed), convulxin (Enzo Lifesciences) α-thrombin (Roche Diagnostics), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), sodium heparin, human fibrinogen, apyrase type III, prostacyclin (PGI₂), Igepal CA-630 (all from Sigma-Aldrich), U46619 (Alexis Biochemicals) and ECL solution (PerkinElmer) were purchased, collagen-related peptide (CRP) was generated as described [21] (link). Rhodocytin was a generous gift from Prof. Dr. J. Eble (Münster University Hospital, Germany). The anesthetic drugs medetomidine (Pfizer), midazolam (Roche Pharma AG), and fentanyl (Janssen-Cilag GmbH) and the antagonists atipamezol (Pfizer), flumazenil, and naloxon (both from Delta Select GmbH) were used according to the regulation of the local authorities. The antibody against the activated form of integrin αIIbβ3 (JON/A-PE) was from Emfret Analytics. Anti-murine CD84 monoclonal antibody JER1 [19] (link) and other antibodies were generated and modified in our laboratories as described [22] (link).

Hofmann S., Braun A., Pozgaj R., Morowski M., Vögtle T, & Nieswandt B. (2014). Mice Lacking the SLAM Family Member CD84 Display Unaltered Platelet Function in Hemostasis and Thrombosis. PLoS ONE, 9(12), e115306.

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Stereotactic Lentiviral Injections in Mice

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Stereotactic injections of lentivirus were performed in 8‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice. Prior to stereotactic injections and on the day following the surgery, mice were treated with analgesics (Rimadyl^®, Zoetis, 10 mg/kg of body weight in 0.9% NaCl) by subcutaneous injection and then anesthetized with a combination of 0.5 mg/kg Medetomidine (Pfizer), 5 mg/kg Midazolam (Hameln), and 0.05 mg/kg Fentanyl (Albrecht) (in 0.9% NaCl) by intraperitoneal injection. Mice were placed in a stereotactic frame and kept on an animal heating pad to control body temperature during surgery. A small craniotomy was performed and 1 μl of the lentivirus was slowly injected using a pulled glass capillary (Hirschmann, 9600105) into the dentate gyrus at the following coordinates relative to Bregma: −2.0 AP (anterior–posterior), 1.4 ML (medio‐lateral), −2.0 DV (dorso‐ventral). The capillary was left in place for another 5 min before withdrawal to allow diffusion of the virus. Then, anesthesia was antagonized by intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg/kg Atipamezol (Pfizer), 0.5 mg/kg Flumazenil (Hameln), and 0.1 mg/kg Buprenorphine (RB Pharmaceuticals) (in 0.9% NaCl). Animals were allowed to recover, returned to their home cages, and their physical condition was monitored daily. Rimadyl^®, Zoetis 15 mg/kg was administered via drinking water for 2 days after surgery.

Fan W., Jurado‐Arjona J., Alanis‐Lobato G., Péron S., Berger C., Andrade‐Navarro M.A., Falk S, & Berninger B. (2023). The transcriptional co‐activator Yap1 promotes adult hippocampal neural stem cell activation. The EMBO Journal, 42(11), e110384.

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Anesthesia & Gene Delivery in Neonatal Mice

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Pregnant embryonic day 16 (E16) C57BL/6N and FBV/N mice were purchased from Charles River. Pups were born 5–6 days later at the animal facility of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research. On the day of treatment, the postnatal day 0–2 (P0–P2) pups were first removed from the home cages and their dams. Pups were immediately anesthetized with a mixture of Medetomidine (M-Domitor), Midazolam (M-Dormicum) and Fentanyl (F-Fentanyl) [MMF mixture], which was prepared by 50 μl Medetomidine (1 mg/ml, Pfizer), 100 μl Midazolam (5 mg/ml, Pfizer) and 100 μl Fentanyl (0.05 mg/ml, Pfizer). Except controls, each pup was injected subcutaneously in the area of the left hip with 2.5 μl MMF/g body weight (dosage/kg of body weight: Medetomidine 0.5 mg/kg, Midazolam 5 mg/kg and Fentanyl 0.05 mg/kg). For the P2 pups, 5–10 min after MMF application, the deeply anesthetized animals were injected with serotype 1/2 rAAV-SYN-Venus. Up to 30 min after MMF treatment, the AFN antagonists [50 μl Atipamezol (5 mg/ml, Pfizer) + 500 μl Flumazenil (0.1 mg/ml, Pfizer) + 300 μl Naloxon (0.4 mg/m, Pfizer)] were injected subcutaneously into the right hip (8.5 μl/g body weight). The pups recovered about 3 min after the application of the AFN mixture.

Tang W., Zillmann U, & Sprengel R. (2020). Alternative Anesthesia of Neonatal Mice for Global rAAV Delivery in the Brain With Non-detectable Behavioral Interference in Adults. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 14, 115.

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Platelet Activation Assay Protocol

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Midazolam (Roche Pharma AG), fentanyl (Janssen-Cilag GmbH) and the antagonists atipamezol (Pfizer), flumazenil and naloxone (both from Delta Select GmbH) were used according to the regulation of the local authorities. Thrombin (Roche Diagnostics), ADP, low-molecular-weight heparin and human fibrinogen (Sigma-Aldrich), U46619 (Enzo Life Sciences), collagen (Kollagenreagent Horm; Nycomed), apyrase Type III (Sigma-Aldrich), Fura-2 AM and Pluronic F-127 (Molecular Probes) were purchased, collagen-related peptide (CRP) was generated as described [29] (link). Antibodies against Rac1 (Millipore), actin (Sigma-Aldrich), tubulin (Millipore), mDia1 (Abcam), PAK1/2/3, phosphor-PAK1/2 (423/402), Syk, phosphor-Syk (Y519/520), cofilin, phospho-cofilin (Ser3) as well goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (all from Cell Signaling) were purchased. The antibody against the activated form of integrin αIIbβ3 (JON/A-PE) was from Emfret Analytics (Eibelstadt, Germany). Annexin-V was generously provided by Jonathan F Tait, University of Washington Medical Center and conjugated to DyLight 488 by standard methods. All other antibodies were generated and modified in our laboratories as previously described [30] (link), [31] (link).

Morowski M., Brachs S., Mielenz D., Nieswandt B, & Dütting S. (2014). The Adaptor Protein Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 Is Dispensable for Platelet Function in Mice. PLoS ONE, 9(9), e107139.

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