Ast n169 card

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for E. coli isolates was determined with the VITEK 2 automated system using AST- N169 Card (bioMérieux, France) according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The following antibiotics were tested: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavalanic acid, ampicillin/sulbactam, cephalothin, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefoxitin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, amikacin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. E. coli ATCC 25922 was used for quality control.

Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the VITEK 2 system with a commercial AST-N169 card (bioMerieux Inc.) according to the manufacturer’s instructions; Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was used as a control strain. Antibiotic susceptibility was interpreted according to the criteria issued by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI], 2021 ). Seventeen antibiotics in the AST-N169 card were used for testing: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefalothin, cefazolin, cefotetan, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, amikacin, gentamycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the representative S. Bareilly strains were determined using the broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines. Antibiotics were prepared with chloramphenicol (C; 2 to 64 μg/ml), ciprofloxacin (CIP; 0.25–8 μg/ml), erythromycin (ERY; 2–64 μg/ml), and tetracycline (TET; 1–32 μg/ml). The susceptibility of each isolate was determined using CLSI standards.