The concentration of the polysaccharide solution was 20 mg/mL. The AR1500EX rheometer (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) was used for apparent viscosity determination, and the temperature was kept at 25 °C. Configure the Spindle of CP52 (Shear Rate Constant = 2, Spindle Multiplier Constant = 9.83) [27 (link)].
Ar1500ex rheometer
Manufactured by TA Instruments
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
The AR1500ex is a rheometer designed for advanced rheological measurements. It provides high-performance rotational and oscillatory testing capabilities to characterize the flow and deformation properties of a wide range of materials, including polymers, dispersions, and complex fluids.
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23 protocols using ar1500ex rheometer
1
Rheological Characterization of Polysaccharide Solutions
2
Rheological Characterization of Gel Formation
3
Characterization of Topical Formulations
4
Rheological Property
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The viscosity of water-soluble dietary fiber samples was measured by an AR1500EX rheometer (TA Instruments Ltd., New Castle, DE, USA) equipped with a cone and plane geometry system (40 mm diameter, 1 mm gap). In steady shear tests, the steady flow behaviors of water-soluble dietary fiber samples with different concentrations (4, 8, and 12%, w/v) were measured at a 0.1–100 s−1 shear rate range and 25 °C.
5
Dynamic Rheological Characteristics of Starch Gels
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Dynamic rheological properties of three starch gels were studied using an AR1500ex rheometer (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) with a plate geometry system (40 mm diameter and 1.000 mm gap). Frequency sweep tests were performed at frequencies of 0.1–10 Hz at 1% strain, the temperature was set as 25 °C, and the tests were performed in triplicate.
6
Rheological Evaluation of Cell-Laden Scaffolds
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The rheology of cell laden scaffolds was assessed using AR 1500Ex Rheometer (TA instrument, USA) with parallel-plate geometry (20 mm, taper angle of a = 0.0412 and rad = 2.36). Briefly, cells were printed with designed scaffolds of 20 mm diameter, 1 mm height and 45% infill density and were incubated in six well plates supplemented with DMEM-F12 organoid media at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Oscillation time sweep with a strain of 1% and angular frequency of 10 rad/s was used for cell laden stiffness evaluation and the stiffness was measured during day 1, 5, 10 and 15. Each cell laden scaffold was constructed from Ink H4-RGD with NSCLC-PDX cells (2 × 105 cells per scaffold).
7
Viscoelasticity of Cell-Laden Scaffolds
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The stiffness of scaffolds was evaluated with AR 1500Ex Rheometer (TA instrument, USA) with 1 mm measurement gap (parallel plate geometry, 20 mm plate diameter). To measure the stiffness of cell laden scaffolds, designed scaffolds with a 20 mm diameter,1 mm height and 65% infill density were printed and cross-linked with 100 mM CaCl2 for 3 minutes. Excess cross-linkers were removed and washed with HBSS. The scaffolds were incubated in 6 well plates with DMEM high glucose medium, at 37 °C with 5% CO2. The cultured scaffold was taken out from the well plates and viscoelasticity was ascertained at rheometer temperature of 37 °C and with plate to plate gap of 1 mm. Oscillation frequency sweep was run from 0.1 rad/s to 100 rad/s with 1% strain to check the frequency dependency stiffness of the scaffolds. Additionally, oscillation time sweep with a strain of 1% and angular frequency of 10 rad/s was used for stiffness measurement. The stiffness of the scaffold was measured at day 1, 3,7,10 and 12 at 37 °C. All scaffolds were constructed from 3.25% SA and 4% GL and each cell-laden scaffold had the initial estimated cells of 2 × 105 cells per scaffold.
8
Viscosity Measurement Using Rheometer
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The viscosity of samples was measured with a TA Instruments AR1500ex rheometer using plate/plate geometry for selected temperatures relevant for the intended use. The temperature (30 °C, Table 1 ) is controlled by a Peltier system existing on the lower 100 mm diameter stainless steel plate with a 0.01 K resolution, the thermometer being located adjacent to the center of the plate just below the sample layer. The upper geometry used for all samples was a 40 mm diameter stainless steel plate.
The sample volume required for the selected gap (about 1000 µm) was loaded on the geometrical center of the lower plate and the upper plate was sent to the grim gap (selected gap + 200 µm). The final gap was adjusted to meet the proper filling of the geometry.
The sample volume required for the selected gap (about 1000 µm) was loaded on the geometrical center of the lower plate and the upper plate was sent to the grim gap (selected gap + 200 µm). The final gap was adjusted to meet the proper filling of the geometry.
9
Rheological Analysis of Pectin
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The rheological property was investigated with AR1500ex Rheometer (TA Instruments, New Castle, USA) with a 50 mm parallel plate according to a previous study. The pectin sample 1% (w/w) was dissolved in distilled water. The Rheological properties analysis of pectin was conducted under a shear rate from.
10
Rheological Characterization of Liquid Samples
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The rheological
behavior of liquid samples was investigated using an AR 1500 EX rheometer
(TA Instruments USA) with a 40 mm steel parallel plate by flow and
oscillation procedures. In the flow procedure, the continuous ramp
mode at a variable shear rate (1/s) (0–8000) for 10 min and
a fixed temperature of 25 °C, the peak hold mode at a fixed temperature
of 25 °C and a constant shear rate (1/s) of 5000 for 300 s, and
the temperature ramp mode at 25–45 °C (variable) for 300
s at a constant shear rate (1/s) of 5000 were studied. In the oscillation
mode, frequency sweeps at 45 and 65 °C separately at angular
frequencies of 6.283–628.30 (rad/s) (variable) with controlled
strain 2% were investigated. The gap was adjusted at 52 μm from
the Peltier plate to the parallel plate. Air bearing, inertia, temperature,
and gap calibrations were performed as per requirement.
behavior of liquid samples was investigated using an AR 1500 EX rheometer
(TA Instruments USA) with a 40 mm steel parallel plate by flow and
oscillation procedures. In the flow procedure, the continuous ramp
mode at a variable shear rate (1/s) (0–8000) for 10 min and
a fixed temperature of 25 °C, the peak hold mode at a fixed temperature
of 25 °C and a constant shear rate (1/s) of 5000 for 300 s, and
the temperature ramp mode at 25–45 °C (variable) for 300
s at a constant shear rate (1/s) of 5000 were studied. In the oscillation
mode, frequency sweeps at 45 and 65 °C separately at angular
frequencies of 6.283–628.30 (rad/s) (variable) with controlled
strain 2% were investigated. The gap was adjusted at 52 μm from
the Peltier plate to the parallel plate. Air bearing, inertia, temperature,
and gap calibrations were performed as per requirement.
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