Distilled water (DW), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EA), standard antifungals (amphotericin B and terbinafine), nutrient agar, and HPLC-grade polyphenols (vanillic acid, rutin, plumbagin, thymoquinone, gallic acid, catechin, syringic acid, coumaric acid, emodin, gentisic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, luteolin, apigenin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), ascorbic acid, sulfuric acid, gallic acid, potassium acetate, quercetin, ammonium molybdate, aluminum chloride, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), potassium ferricyanide, and ferric chloride were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, United States. Phosphate buffer and Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) reagent were procured from Riedel-de Haen, Germany. Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) was purchased from Oxoid, England, Tween-80 from Merck-Schuchardt, United States, and RPMI-1640 was obtained from United traders, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
2 2 diphenyl 1 picryhydrazyl
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl is a stable free radical compound commonly used as a reference standard in analytical chemistry. It is primarily used as a reagent to measure antioxidant activity in various samples.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Vanillic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium potassium tartrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
α amylase, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
α glucosidase, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Milli q system, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Avantor (2 mentions)
Hplc grade methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ferric chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid tca, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Syringic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using 2 2 diphenyl 1 picryhydrazyl
1
Antifungal Potential of Polyphenols
2
Comprehensive Chemical Reagents Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Sodium bicarbonate, potassium persulphate, sodium acetate, acetic acid and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Qualigens (Mumbai, India), and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and methanol from Merk (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium chloride was procured from HiMedia Laboratories (Mumbai, India). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), ascorbic acid, and all polyphenolic standards (i.e. rutin hydrate, phloridzin dihydrate, p-coumaric acid, (+)-catechin hydrate, gallic acid, quercetin dihydrate, 3-hydroxybenzoicacid, 4-hydroxybezoicacid, ellagic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, m-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, trans-cinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid) and alkaloids (i.e. berberine and palmatine) were procured from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, United States). All chemicals were of analytical or HPLC grade and the solutions were prepared with methanol and lab ultrapure water (Rions India Lab Water Systems, India).
3
Biosynthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of AgNPs
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Silver nitrate (AgNO3), ascorbic acid, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS), sodium potassium tartrate, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), gallic acid, querecitin, acarbose, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent (2 N) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. All other chemicals requisite for all experimentation were of analytical grade and high purity. The purified water was utilized for the entire experiment (Millipore Corporate, Billerica, MA, USA). Human pathogenic strains, namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used for the determination of antibacterial potential of biosynthesized AgNPs.
4
Phytochemical Analysis of Botanical Extracts
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All chemicals were HPLC grade. Methylene chloride was purchased from J.T. Baker (Center Valley, PA, USA), anhydrous sodium sulfate, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl, TPTZ, FeCl3·6H2O, and HPLC standards were purchased for Sigma-Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). Organic solvents and acids were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
5
Antioxidant Compounds Characterization
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Ethanol (99.9%), acetonitrile (99.9%), formic acid (98–100%) and diatomaceous earth were purchased from Thermo Fisher, (Illkirch, France). MEthanol (99%) was obtained from VWR (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France). Ultra-pure water was obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore Corporation, USA). 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetra-methylchromate-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), chlorogenic acid standard (>98%) and caffeic acid (CA) (>99%) were purchased from Sigma (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France) and 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4-diCQA), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4,5-diCQA) (all >90%) were purchased from Carbosynth (Compton, United Kingdom).
6
Antioxidant Properties of SBM Extract
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
SBM was provided by Xinjiang Green Xiang Sugar Industry Co., Ltd (Tacheng, China). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), ascorbic acid (Vc), fluorescein, 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), trolox [(±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid] and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Gibco Co. (Long Shang Industry Park, Beijing, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Zhejiang Tianhang Biological Technology Co. (Zhejiang, China). Methanol (HPLC-grade) was purchased from Merck Co. (Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA). Ultra-pure water was prepared by a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, USA).
7
Grape Pomace Tannin Extraction and Nanoparticle Synthesis
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Grape pomace (GP) was procured from the local wine industry, washed and oven dried, until a persistent weight was attained. Further, the dried GP was cut into small pieces and finely ground. Tannin extraction from grape pomace was performed using the methodology reported elsewhere [16 (link)]. The finely ground grape pomace was added in water comprising of Na2CO3 (2.5%) and Na2SO3 (2.5%) aqueous base solution at 80 °C for 4 h followed by the filtration, and the resultant portion was spray-dehydrated and the resulting powder was utilized for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and for subsequent procedures. Silver nitrate (AgNO3), ascorbic acid, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS), sodium potassium tartrate, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), acarbose, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase, were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. All other reagents and chemicals used for the study were of analytical grade quality and of higher pureness. Double distilled water was used throughout in all the experiments for solution preparations (Millipore Corporate, Billerica, MA, USA).
8
Antioxidant Profile of Red Onion Cultivars
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Honeysuckle red onions from J & D Produce, Inc., Texas and Artisan sweet Italian red onions from Tanimura & Antle, California were used for the entire study (Figure 1 ). Sodium pyruvate, 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), glucose, sucrose, fructose, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin-3,4′-diglucoside, quercetin, delphinidin 3-glucoside, L-ascorbic acid, gallic acid, dextrose, sodium carbonate, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, HPLC grade methanol, acetonitrile, formic acid, and metaphosphoric acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA, USA).
9
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Analysis
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All the chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade. Chemicals used included ethanol (98%v/v, GPR, BDH, Poole, UK.), methanol (≥ 99.9%, VWR Chemicals, UK), chloroform (99.9%v/v, AR, Marek, UK), normal saline (N/S) infusion (0.9%w/v, Sanbao (GH) Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ghana), Fehling's solution A and B (GPR, BDH, Poole, UK), sulphuric acid (98.5%v/v, GPR, BDH, Poole, UK), hydrochloric acid (36%v/v, GPR, BDH, Poole, UK), Sodium hydroxide 96%v/v (GPR, BDH, Poole, UK), Dragendorff's reagent (50%v/v, AR, Marek, UK), ammonia solution (30%v/v, AR, Marek, UK) and iron (ΙΙ) chloride (97%v/v, GPR, BDH, Poole, UK). The reference compounds used included Azithromycin (Ernest Chemist Limited, Ghana), 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (90%w/w, Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany), Ascorbic acid (Ernest Chemist Limited, Ghana) and Tannic acid (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany). Drez® ointment (Indus Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, India) was used as a positive control drug. Equipment used included Rotary evaporator-R 10 (Buchi, Germany) and UVspectrophotometer (Cecil 2000 series, Basildon Ltd., UK). *Corresponding author. E-mail: eorman@uhas.edu.gh.
Author(s) agree that this article remain permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Author(s) agree that this article remain permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!