The morphological changes were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) model Zeiss Ultra60 (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany). SEM was used to get clear observations after laser irradiation. In SEM, the sample must be electrically conductive; otherwise, the surface of the sample has to be coated with a very thin film using materials such as gold or platinum to reduce the charging in the sample. To avoid this problem, energy filter (r-filter) was used to make it possible to observe the surface morphology and the nano-structures’ morphology. Gentle beam (GB) mode was used for decelerating the incident electrons just before they hit the sample and for reducing the incident electron penetration and the charging in the sample. The GB mode gives high-resolution images without damaging the sample surface [34 ]. Moreover, EDX analysis was accomplished to detect the changes in the elemental composition after irradiating the teeth by laser.
Ultra 60
Manufactured by Zeiss
Sourced in Germany
The Zeiss Ultra 60 is a high-performance scanning electron microscope (SEM) designed for advanced materials analysis and characterization. It features a field emission electron source, a high-resolution electron optical column, and sophisticated imaging and analytical capabilities.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Nicolet 6700 ft ir, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Unicam uv 500, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
X pert pro diffractometer, by Malvern Panalytical (2 mentions)
Fe sem, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Prestige 2 spectrometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Rfs 27, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Sta 6000, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
2450 spectrometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Rx2 series, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Glutaraldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Specord s600, by Analytik Jena (1 mentions)
Nicolet is50 ftir, by Harrick (1 mentions)
Dsa 100e, by Krüss (1 mentions)
Dimension icon, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Varigatr, by Harrick (1 mentions)
Tecnai g20, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Mpms3, by Quantum Design (1 mentions)
Jem 200cx, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Htk1200n, by Bruker (1 mentions)
17 protocols using ultra 60
1
Characterizing Laser-Induced Morphological Changes
2
Characterizing Fly Ash Composition via SEM, XPS, and ICP-MS
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Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) (Zeiss Ultra 60, Carl Zeiss NTS, LLC North America)
was used for imaging the surface morphologies of different fly ashes.
The fly ashes were fixed on stubs with carbon dots and then sputter-coated
with a 2 nm gold layer. Coated samples were examined under an accelerating
voltage of 5 kV at different magnifications. Energy-dispersive X-ray
spectra (EDS) of different fly ashes were also obtained using an energy
dispersive spectroscopy analyzer (XF lash 5060FQ Annular EDX detector,
Bruker, Germany). The binding energies of Na 1s, Mg 1s, Al 2p, K 2p,
Ca 2p, Fe 2p, and Zn 2p in different fly ashes were analyzed by using
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (ESCALAB250 spectrometer with
an Al Kα source (1486.6 eV)). The detection conditions are 10
kV voltage with a base pressure of 2 × 10–9 Mbar. The XPS characterization was conducted after drying and grinding
the fly ashes. The contents of the metals in the six fly ashes were
measured using an inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometer
(ICP–MS, 7700, Agilent Technology Co., USA).
microscopy (SEM) (Zeiss Ultra 60, Carl Zeiss NTS, LLC North America)
was used for imaging the surface morphologies of different fly ashes.
The fly ashes were fixed on stubs with carbon dots and then sputter-coated
with a 2 nm gold layer. Coated samples were examined under an accelerating
voltage of 5 kV at different magnifications. Energy-dispersive X-ray
spectra (EDS) of different fly ashes were also obtained using an energy
dispersive spectroscopy analyzer (XF lash 5060FQ Annular EDX detector,
Bruker, Germany). The binding energies of Na 1s, Mg 1s, Al 2p, K 2p,
Ca 2p, Fe 2p, and Zn 2p in different fly ashes were analyzed by using
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (ESCALAB250 spectrometer with
an Al Kα source (1486.6 eV)). The detection conditions are 10
kV voltage with a base pressure of 2 × 10–9 Mbar. The XPS characterization was conducted after drying and grinding
the fly ashes. The contents of the metals in the six fly ashes were
measured using an inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometer
(ICP–MS, 7700, Agilent Technology Co., USA).
3
Surface and Cross-Section Analysis of PVDF Membranes
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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, ZEISS Ultra 60) was utilized to examine the surface and cross-section morphologies of the PVDF and PVP/PVDF membranes. The specimens were coated with a thin layer of gold, and the thin morphology layer was viewed at 20.0 kV of excitation voltage. The membrane samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen and fractured before the surface and cross-sectional images were taken in order to avoid unnecessary stress on the membranes. Finally, the membrane was sprayed with a thin layer of gold for electron conductivity [36 (link)]. Thermo Scientific FTIR (Diamond Nicolet IS 5) was utilized to examine the surface chemical compositions of the PVDF and PVP/PVDF membranes. The spectra were recorded at a resolution of 32 cm−1 by 64 scans in the range of 500–4000 cm−1.
4
Nanofiber Scaffold Mineral Characterization
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A scanning electron microscope (SEM; Ultra 60, Carl Zeiss, Thornwood, NY) was used to examine the morphologies of deposited mineral crystals at different locations along the long axis of the nanofiber scaffolds. The atomic ratio Ca/(C+Ca) was determined at different locations along the length of the scaffold using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Three samples were examined.
5
Characterization of rGO/Fe3O4 Nanocomposites
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The UV-visible absorption spectra were recorded using a (UNICAM UV 500, Thermo Electron Corporation) spectrophotometer in the range of 200–800 nm. FT-IR spectrum was recorded over the range of 4000–400 cm−1 using a SHIMADZU-IR PRESTIGE-2 spectrometer. Raman spectrum was obtained using FT-Raman spectroscopy (Bruker RFS 27, USA) with laser source Nd (YAG 1064 nm) at 2 cm−1 resolution. 16+ mW laser power was irradiated on rGO/Fe3O4 NCs to collect Raman spectrum over the wide range 4000–50 cm−1. XRD patterns were recorded by PANalytical X'pert pro diffractometer at 0.02 degree per sec scan rate using Cu Kα1 radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å, 45 kV, 40 mA). TEM images were acquired through (TEM model FEI TECNAI G2 S-Twin) at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The morphology of the sample was characterized using FE-SEM (FE-SEM, Zeiss Ultra-60) equipped with EDX. VSM was used to examine the magnetic property of rGO/Fe3O4 NCs (Lakeshore Cryotronics, Inc., Idea-VSM, model 7410, USA).
6
Characterization of Fabricated Composite Materials
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The surface morphology of the fabricated composite materials was characterized using A Zeiss Ultra 60 field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The crystal structure was investigated using an X-ray diffractometer on an X'Pert PRO MRD with a Cu kα radiation (λ = 0.15406 nm). FTIR analysis were executed on an ATI Unicam (Mattson 936) bench top spectrometer using pressed KBr pellets in the range of 400–4000 cm−1. For surface analysis, the N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms were tested at −196 °C using Microtrace BELSORP surface area and pore size distribution analyzer. Before the test begins, the samples were degassed under vacuum at 150 °C overnight. The BET model was used to estimate the specific surface area (m2 g−1). Furthermore, the BJH method was used to evaluate the pore size distribution.
7
Multimodal Characterization of Fe3O4@NCQDs Nanocomposites
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UV-Vis absorption spectra of the synthesised NCQDs, Fe3O4 NPs and Fe3O4@NCQDs NCs were obtained using a UNICAM UV 500(Thermo Electron Corporation). Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) were obtained over the range of 400–4000 cm−1 using a SHIMADZU-IR PRESTIGE-2 Spectrometer. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern were recorded using PANalyticalX'pert pro diffractometer using Cu-Kα1 radiation (45 kV, 1.54056 Å; scan rate of 0.02 degree per s). The morphology and microstructures of the synthesized Fe3O4@NCQDs NCs were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, Jeol/JEM 2100, LaB6) operated at 200 kV. Further morphology and composition of Fe3O4@NCQDs NCs were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Zeiss Ultra-60) equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Magnetic property of the material was determined at room temperature using vibrating sample magnetometer (Lakeshore VSM 7410). Composition of the Fe3O4@NCQDs NCs was further confirmed by thermal analysis using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) of Perkin Elmer STA 6000 with TG sensitivity of 0.2 mg and DTA sensitivity of 0.06 mV.
8
Comprehensive Characterization of Nanomaterials
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The UV-Visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra were recorded using a Shimadzu 2450 – SHIMADZU spectrometer. Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded over the range of 400–4000 cm−1 using a SHIMADZU-IR PRESTIGE-2 Spectrometer. Powder samples were mixed thoroughly with KBr and pressed into thin pellets. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded by PANalytical X'pert pro diffractometer at 0.02 degree per s scan rate using Cu-Kα1 radiation (1.5406 A0, 45 kV, 40 mA). Transmission electron microscopy images were obtained (TEM model FEI TECNAI G2 S-Twin) at an accelerating voltage of 120 and 200 kV. The morphologies of the samples were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Zeiss Ultra-60) equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
9
Bacteria Imaging via Scanning Electron Microscopy
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Bacteria SEM images were taken by the SEM (Zeiss, Ultra 60). For SEM, the bacteria and electrode samples were pretreated with a fixing and critical point-drying process40 (link). Specifically, bacteria samples after EDC operation were harvested by centrifuging at 14500 rpm for 15 minutes (HITACHI, RX2 series). Both the harvested bacteria samples and the treated electrodes were fixed in a solution containing 2% glutaraldehyde (Sigma) at 4 °C for 12 h. After washing with DI water for 5 min, the fixed samples were then dehydrated in increasing concentrations of ethanol solution (50, 70, 80, 90, and 100%, Sigma) and critical point dried in 100% ethanol with liquid CO2.
10
Characterization of PEDOT-PSS Nanocomposite Sensors
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The surface morphologies of the samples were recorded using Zeiss Ultra-60 (Japan) scanning electron microscope. TEM image of the composite film was obtained using JEM-2100 (China) transmission electron microscope. Various functional groups present in the samples were analyzed by Thermo-Nicolet 6700 FTIR (Japan) spectrophotometer. The thermal stability of the samples in terms of TGA analysis was performed using a NETSCH STA-409PC thermal analyzer. The optical characterizations in terms of absorption spectra of the samples were investigated in UV-Vis region using an UV-Vis spectrometer (Analytikjena SPECORD S-600). Room temperature conductivity of the films was studied by 2 probe method using Keithley 6487 picoammeter/voltmeter. The Methane gas sensing performance of bare PEDOT-PSS, PD and PDZAu nanocomposite sensors were performed at room temperature using a sealed borosilicate glass chamber of volume 250 cm3. Target gas sources were mixed with the flux of synthetic air 2 l min−1, at different flow rate ratios and concentrations using mass flow control meters. The sensing performance of the films was analyzed through I–V parameters using custom data acquisition tool LabView graphic interface. A schematic view of laboratory designed gas sensing setup used to investigate the sensing performance using different test gases is represented in Fig. 2 .
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