Human serum samples were collected from patients who were diagnosed with pulmonary aspergillosis in Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan. Control samples were obtained from healthy volunteers, and patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis who had no signs of fungal infection and were not receiving corticosteroids.
Additional human sample collection was conducted by the Aspergillus Technology Consortium (AsTeC). Blood was collected in sterile vacuum tubes with no additives by venipuncture or from central catheter, if present. The serum fraction was separated from cells by centrifugation. No further processing was performed and aliquots were prepared using aseptic techniques. All samples and clinical data were de-identified and linked to an anonymous study ID number at the AsTeC Biorepository.
All samples were stored at -80°C until use. Galectin-3 was quantified in mouse serum samples using the Mouse Galectin-3 DuoSet ELISA (R&D systems, DY1197) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Galectin-3 levels were measured in the human samples by the Human Galectin-3 Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D systems), as per manufacturer’s instructions.