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Bh 40

Manufactured by Olympus
Sourced in Japan

The BH-40 is a versatile laboratory microscope designed for various applications. It features a sturdy construction, adjustable illumination, and a range of objective lenses to accommodate different magnification needs. The core function of the BH-40 is to provide clear and detailed observation of samples under magnification.

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7 protocols using bh 40

1

Histochemical Staining of Tissue Sections

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Serial 5 μm sections were taken from the paraffin blocks to contain the same cell with the microtome (Leica RM2145). Five-micron sections were taken from the whole tissue block onto positively charged slides. Slides were kept under suitable conditions for hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. At the end of the deparaffinization process, 5-micron sections were taken on a positively charged slide, and histochemical staining was performed with caspase-3 (Santa Cruz Bio., China) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (Santa Cruz Bio., China) antibody in Ventana Benchmark GX automatic immunohistochemistry stainer.
Light and IHC Staining Preparations Olympus BH 40 brand light microscope with camera attachment was photographed and interpreted. The sections examined under the light microscope were scored as none (−), mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++).
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of NF-κB and TUNEL

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Immunohistochemistry by NF-κB-p65 and TUNNEL staining in paraffin sections was performed as follows: the sections were deparaffinized and treated with proteinase K solution (20 μg/mL in PBS) for 15 minutes at room temperature. Subsequently, the sections were washed in distilled water and immersed in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 15 minutes. After several washes with PBS (50 mM sodium phosphate and 200 mM NaCl at pH 7.4), the sections were immersed in an equilibration buffer at room temperature for 20 minutes. Some sections were incubated with rabbit anti-human NF-κB/p65 primary antibody (1:50, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-109) at 37°C for one hour in a humidified chamber to detect immune and inflammatory responses. Others were incubated with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and biotinylated dNTP (Life Technologies, Inc.) at 37°C for one hour in a humidified chamber in order to detect DNA breaks. Then, the reaction was stopped by immersion in a stop/wash buffer. After several washes, all sections were incubated in anti-digoxigenin-peroxidase for 30 minutes at room temperature. The reaction was revealed with 0.06% 3, 3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO) in PBS for three to six minutes, and the sections were counterstained with Mayer’s hematoxylin. The sections were examined and photographed under a light microscope (Olympus BH-40).
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3

Localization of H-DDX56 and Influenza A NS1 Proteins

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The localization of H-DDX56 and influenza A virus NS1 proteins in transfected
HeLa cells were analyzed with an immunofluorescence assay. HeLa cells grown on
coverslips were transfected with the plasmid DNAs. After 36-40 h transfection,
the cells were washed three times with PBS, fixed in 3% paraformaldehyde for 20
min, and permeabilized with 0.1% NP-40. After blocking in 1% skim milk for 30
min, the cells were incubated with the primary antibodies (mouse anti-HA and/or
rabbit anti-NS1) diluted in 1% skim milk for 60 min at room temperature and then
washed twice with 0.1% NP-40 and once with PBS. After a second blocking with 1%
skim milk for 20 min, the cells were incubated with the Alexa-488-conjugated
goat anti-mouse IgG and/or Alexa-568-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (at 1:300
dilutions in 1% skim milk) for 60 min. The nuclei of the cells were stained with
DAPI (4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole). The coverslip was washed in 0.1% NP-40
and mounted in a media (0.1% p-phenylendiamine and 80% glycerol), and the cells
were analyzed using a fluorescence microscope (Olympus BH40, Japan).
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4

Ultrastructural Analysis of Testicular Tissue

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After dividing the testicular tissue to small pieces under a stereomicroscope (Lumiscope No.KS 65893), samples were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, post-fixed in 1% phosphate-buffered osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in a graded acetone series and washed in propylene oxide. After dehydration, specimens were embedded in fresh Araldite CY 212 (Agar, Cambridge, UK). Sections were cut using an ultramicrotome (Nova LKB Bromma, Sweden). Each araldite-embedded tissue block was cut to sections of about 1 μm thickness and stained with toluidine blue. These sections were photographed by a light photomicroscope (Olympus BH 40) for light microscopy examination.
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5

Microscopic Analysis of Rat Urine Crystals

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The day before the sacrifications were done, unpreserved urine samples were collected from each rat. Microscopic analyses were done as described: 1 mL of fresh urine was centrifuged at 2000 rpm and 950 mL of supernatant was discarded. 10 mL of the vortex mixed precipitate was transferred to a hemocytometer. The number and type of all crystals were determined with an Olympus inverted microscope BH40 (Japan). All samples were examined with an inverted microscope at a small magnification (objective 10× ocular 10× = 100×). The field was then examined at high magnification (objective 40× ocular 10× = 400×). Shaped elements in 20 microscopic fields at 400 magnifications were examined.
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6

Histopathological Analysis of Organ Toxicity

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At the end of the acute and chronic toxicity experiments, the rats and mice were euthanized. The heart, liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys were removed, and organ weights and microstructural changes were measured. Autopsies were fixed in 10% formalin solution for 48 h. After fixation, the preparations were dehydrated using an alcohol series and cleared using a xylene series. After tissue processing for histopathology, the paraffin-embedded tissues were sectioned at a thickness of 5 mm using a microtome (Leica RM2235, Leica Instruments, Nussloch, Germany) with disposable metal microtome blades (Leica 819, Leica Instruments, Nussloch, Germany). Tissue preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Images were captured using a light microscope equipped with a camera (Olympus BH-40).
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7

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Apoptosis and Inflammation

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Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and caspase-3 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA) were used to evaluate the apoptotic and inflammatory properties immunohistopathologically. Following deparaffinization, the samples were rehydrated with water, ethanol, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). They were washed with distilled water and immersed in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 15 minutes. PBS and equilibration buffer were used for 20 minutes at room temperature. An anti-caspase-3 solution was used for the incubation of the sections at room temperature for 1 hour. The sections were incubated with PBS containing normal goat serum, without a primary antibody. Counterstaining with Mayer's hematoxylin was performed, and following that, the sections were examined under a light microscope (BH-40; Olympus Corp., Tokyo, Japan).
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