PBCA NPs were synthesized following the well-known emulsion/polymerization procedure for butylcyanoacrylate monomers in an aqueous solution.18 (link),19 (link) Briefly, a 1% (w/v) acetonic solution of the monomer was added dropwise, under stirring at 1,200 rpm, to 10 mL of an aqueous polymerization medium containing 10−4 N HNO3 and the stabilizing agent Pluronic® F-68 (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) (1%, w/v). The mixture was maintained under polymerization conditions for 3 hours, after which the medium was finally neutralized with 10 μL of an aqueous NaOH (10−1 M) solution to ensure total consumption of the monomer. The remaining acetone was then fully evaporated using a BuchiRotavapor® (BÜCHI Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland) rotary evaporator to obtain an aqueous suspension of PBCA NPs. Finally, the nanoparticulate system was cleaned by subjecting it to repeated cycles of centrifugation (60 min at 10,700 rpm using a Centrikon T-124 high-speed centrifuge, Kontron, France) and redispersion in water, until the conductivity of the supernatant was ≤10 μS/cm.
Buchirotavapor
Manufactured by Büchi
Sourced in Switzerland
The BuchiRotavapor® is a laboratory evaporation unit designed for efficient solvent removal and concentration of liquid samples. It features a rotary evaporator that gently agitates samples to promote rapid evaporation while maintaining sample integrity.
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3 protocols using buchirotavapor
1
Synthesis and Purification of PBCA Nanoparticles
2
Chokeberry Juice Filtration and Concentration
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Osmotic solution was filtrated prior to the osmotic dehydration process. Chokeberry juice (65 °Brix) was diluted to 20 °Brix to facilitate the filtration and put through a series of filters, starting from the biggest to the smallest ones. The pore size of the Cellulose Nitrate (CN) Membrane Filters (Sartorius AG, Goettingen, Germany) used in the study were: 8, 5, 3, 1.2, 0.8, 0.45 and 0.2 μm. After each filtration, chemical analysis was conducted and filtrated solution was concentrated to 40 °Brix by evaporation under reduced pressure using a Buchi ROTAVAPOR (BÜCHI Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland) R-151 (temperature 45 °C, pressure 100 Pa).
3
Analytical techniques for organic compounds
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Solvent evaporation was carried out using a Buchi Rotavapor (R215, Buchi, Flawil, Switzerland). Column chromatography (CC) was performed via glass column using silica gel (70-230 mesh, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), and thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed using silica gel pre-coated plates F-254 Merck (20 × 20 cm). Compounds were visualized under UV light (254 and 365 nm), sprayed with dilute sulfuric acid and heated. The melting points of the compounds were recorded using Buchi M-560 (Buchi, Flawil, Switzerland) melting point apparatus equipped with a Buchi M-569 sample loader. The 1H NMR (500 MHz) and 13C NMR (125 MHz) data were recorded via a Bruker Avance AV-500 (Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany) spectrometer in deuterated solvents, with trimethylsilane (TMS) used as the reference. Chemical shifts were given in ppm (δ), and coupling constants (J) in Hz. ESI-TOF-MS spectra were registered on a QTOF Spectrometer (Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany). A Multiskan Go microplate reader (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to measure absorbances in the bioassays.
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