As described previously [18 (link),23 (link)], all tested CBCTs had been acquired in an orthodontic clinic between 2008 and 2018. The CBCTs images were acquired in cases where 3D information was needed to facilitate proper diagnosis and guide clinical decisions, such as in cases of impacted teeth. All CBCT images were acquired with the same X-ray machine (KaVo 3D eXam, Hatfield, PA, USA) under the following settings: 170 mm height × 232 mm diameter field of view, 0.4 mm3 voxel size, 5 mA tube current, 120 kV tube voltage, 8.9 s scan time, 3.7 s exposure time, which allowed for lower radiation doses [24 (link)]. The volumes were saved and exported in a DICOM format.
3d exam
Manufactured by KaVo
Sourced in Germany, United States
The KaVo 3D eXam is a dental imaging system that captures three-dimensional (3D) images of the patient's oral cavity. It utilizes advanced imaging technology to produce high-quality, detailed scans of the teeth, jaw, and surrounding structures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Mimics version 21, by Materialise (1 mentions)
Orthophos sl, by Dentsply (1 mentions)
Promax 3d mid, by Planmeca (1 mentions)
Trios 3, by 3Shape (1 mentions)
Mimics v16, by Materialise (1 mentions)
Kavoexamvision software, by KaVo (1 mentions)
Trios 3 scanner, by 3Shape (1 mentions)
Iplan ent 3, by Brainlab (1 mentions)
Technovit 9100, by Kulzer (1 mentions)
Precision saw, by EXAKT (1 mentions)
Mimics, by Materialise (1 mentions)
Ortho analyzer software, by 3Shape (1 mentions)
30 protocols using 3d exam
1
CBCT Imaging for Impacted Tooth Diagnosis
2
CBCT Imaging Protocol for Dental Research
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
CBCT scans were obtained from a dental CBCT scanner (3D eXam; KaVo Dental GmbH, Biberach, Germany), which uses an amorphous silicon flat panel detector of 23.8 cm width and 19.2 cm height. The nominal source-axis distance (SAD) is 49.54 cm and source-detector distance (SDD) is 71.4 cm. The x-ray tube operates at 120 kVp with a rotating 15 degree tungsten target and a focal spot of 0.5 mm. The nominal inherent filtration is 10 mm of aluminum equivalent thickness. A lead collimator is located adjacent to the x-ray beam window and can be used to adjust the cone-beam angle. The minimum and maximum axial field-of-view (FOV) were 4 cm and 13 cm, respectively, while the transverse FOV was fixed at 16 cm in diameter if the dental CBCT was acquired with full-fan mode, generating 301 projections within 360 degrees. A pixel matrix of 384x480 of 0.5 mm voxel size was obtained for one projection. The CBCT scans were reconstructed using the standard Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) algorithm [11 (link)] obtained from the OSCaR (Open Source Cone-beam Reconstructions) software package (available at http://www.cs.toronto.edu~/nrezvaniOSCaR.html ) in a 536×536 matrix with a pixel size of 0.3 mm.
3
Upper Airway 3D Modeling and Evaluation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The images of the upper airway structure within the range from the cranial crest to the clavicle were obtained by CBCT scanner (KaVo 3D eXam, USA): a single 360° rotation scan, 120 kV voltage, 5 mA current, slice thickness 0.3 mm, scanning time 17.8 s. The midpoint cross line of the interpupil line overlapped with the central cross line of the location line during scanning. All of the images were imported into Mimics version 21.0 (Materialise Inc., Belgium. www.materialise.com ) and then upper airway three-dimensional models were rebuilt. The volume, cross-sectional areas, sagittal diameter and cross diameter from the top level of the soft palate to the level of 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 in the posterior airway were measured. PSG monitoring was performed as previously described12 (link) (Fig. S1 ).
4
Guided Implant Placement Using CBCT and Surgical Guide
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The cast models with scan abutments mounted on the reference implants were captured by a first cone‐beam CT (3D exam, KaVo; 120 kV acceleration voltage, 5 mA beam current, FOV diameter of 16 cm, FOV height of 6 cm, 600 projections, 360° rotation, voxel size of 0.25 mm, and scan time of 26 s). The obtained radiographic data were imported into a planning software (SimPlant/Facilitate, Materialise). In the software, the test implant was virtually placed at half distance between the reference implants and at the same level as a line connecting the base of the reference implants, parallel to the mesial reference implant. Subsequently, the data including the test implant position were sent to the manufacturing center (Materialise) and a surgical guide was fabricated by means of stereolithography (Figure 2 ). This guide was used for template‐guided drilling and implant placement using the facilitated surgical system according to the manufacturer's protocol. The type of implants placed was Astra 4.0S, 8 mm.
5
Analyzing CBCT Scans with DICOM Viewer
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The PRs were acquired with two different machines: Cranex D (Soredex, Tuusula, Finland) or Orthophos XG (Sirona Dental Systems GmbH, Bensheim, Germany). The CBCT scans were made either with the Accuitomo 80 (J Morita Corp., Kyoto, Japan) with a voxel size of 0.125 mm or with the 3D Exam (Kavo Dental, Biberach, Germany) with a voxel size of 0.2 mm. All images were exported as DICOM files in their natural resolution, and subsequently imported to the Osirix-DICOM-Viewer (www.osirix-viewer.com). 16
6
Comparative Evaluation of CBCT Devices' Performance
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
A total of seven different CBCT machines; 3D Accuitomo 80 (J Morita Corp, Kyoto, Japan), 3D eXam (KaVo Dental, Biberach, Germany), Veraviewepocs 3D R100 (J Morita Corp, Kyoto, Japan), PaX-Duo3D (Vatech, Gyeonggi-do, Korea), Scanora 3Dx (Sorodex, Tuusula, Finland), ProMax 3D Mid (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) and Orthophos SL (Dentsply Sirona, Bensheim, Germany). The settings are listed in Table 1 . The data were exported as DICOM-files.
CBCT devices and parameters used for the evaluation. FOV: field of view. Voxel size provided as stated by the manufacturer.
| CBCT device | kV | mA | Scan-time (s) | FOV (mm) | Voxel size (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3D Accuitomo 80 (J Morita Corp, Kyoto, Japan) | 90 | 8 | 17.5 | 80 × 80 | 0.160 |
| 3D eXam (KaVo Dental, Biberach, Germany) | 120 | 5 | 14.7 | 160 × 80 | 0.20 |
| Veraviewepocs 3D R100 (J Morita Corp, Kyoto, Japan) | 90 | 8 | 9.4 | 100 × 80 | 0.125 |
| PaX-Duo3D (Vatech, Gyeonggi-do, Korea) | 90 | 8 | 24 | 85 × 85 | 0.2 |
| Sanora 3Dx (Sorodex, Tuusula, Finland) | 90 | 8 | 20 | 100 × 80 | 0.15 |
| ProMax 3D Mid (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) | 90 | 8 | 12 | 80 × 80 | 0.14 |
| Orthophos SL (Dentsply Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) | 85 | 7 | 14.2 | 80 × 80 | 0.160 |
7
Comprehensive Digital Dental Imaging Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All included patients had a CBCT scan of the entire jaw, using a large field-of-view CBCT scanner (3D eXam, KaVo Dental, Biberach, Germany) with a voxel size of 0.25 mm. Maxillary and mandibular digital impressions and the interocclusal registration were acquired using an intraoral scanner (TRIOS 3, 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). For the superimposition of the CBCT scan and the intraoral scan, two protocols were adopted according to the patient’s dental conditions:
8
Asymptomatic TMJ Morphology from CBCT Data
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
This study consisted of 10 asymptomatic subjects (4 females and 6 males, 26.75 ± 4.89 years old). The subjects were randomly identified and recruited by a dentist in the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University from January 2015 to January 2016. This study was approved by the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University Institutional Review Board, and all participants signed an informed consent agreement. The inclusion criteria of asymptomatic subjects were as follows: healthy physical condition, no TMJ disorder symptoms, no degenerative joint disease, and facial symmetry with no prior TMJ-related procedures.
CBCT data for all subjects were collected at the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University. The maxilla and mandible were scanned using a CBCT machine (KaVo 3D eXam, Germany) with a complete head view. All images were taken following a standardized protocol for patient positioning and exposure parameter setting (120 kVp, 3–8 mA, 20 sec, and 0.4 mm voxel resolution). The resolution of cross-sectional images was 400 pixels × 400 pixels, and the pixel size was 0.4 mm. The CBCT scans consisted of a total amount of 290 to 330 images with the slice thicknesses of 0.4 mm. The CBCT images were reformatted into Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format.
CBCT data for all subjects were collected at the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University. The maxilla and mandible were scanned using a CBCT machine (KaVo 3D eXam, Germany) with a complete head view. All images were taken following a standardized protocol for patient positioning and exposure parameter setting (120 kVp, 3–8 mA, 20 sec, and 0.4 mm voxel resolution). The resolution of cross-sectional images was 400 pixels × 400 pixels, and the pixel size was 0.4 mm. The CBCT scans consisted of a total amount of 290 to 330 images with the slice thicknesses of 0.4 mm. The CBCT images were reformatted into Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format.
9
CBCT Imaging Parameters for Research
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All CBCT scans were obtained by 3D eXam (KaVo, Biberach an der Riss, Germany). The following parameters were used: a field of view (FOV) of 16 × 13 cm, tube voltage of 120 kV, tube current of 5 mA, scanning time of 14.7 s, voxel size of 0.2 mm, and contrast resolution of 14-bit depth.
10
Assessing Buccal Bone Defects Around Dental Implants
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
1. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis (FU-7.5Y) CBCT evaluation of the buccal vertical bone dehiscences was performed as described in (Jung, Benic, Scherrer, Hammerle, 2015) (link) the at 7.5 years followup (FU-7.5Y) only. CBCT images were acquired (3D eXam®, KaVo Dental, Biberich, Germany) using the following technical parameters: 120 kV, 5 mA beam current, field-of-view (FOV) diameter of 16 cm, FOV height of 4 cm, 360 ∘ rotation and voxel size of 0.125 mm. For the linear measurements of the three-dimensional dataset, the bucco-oral central section perpendicular to the implant axes was used (OsiriX® Imaging Software, Geneva, Switzerland).
1. Buccal vertical defect depth (A) measured from the implant shoulder to the first bone-to-implant contact and infrabony defect depth (B) measured from the buccal bone crest to the first bone-to-implant contact (Fig. 2b).
2. Horizontal Bone Thickness.: Thickness of the buccal bone 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm apical of the implant shoulder (Fig. 2b).
1. Buccal vertical defect depth (A) measured from the implant shoulder to the first bone-to-implant contact and infrabony defect depth (B) measured from the buccal bone crest to the first bone-to-implant contact (Fig. 2b).
2. Horizontal Bone Thickness.: Thickness of the buccal bone 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm apical of the implant shoulder (Fig. 2b).
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!