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6 protocols using sodium ethoxide

1

Synthesis of a Donor-Acceptor Chromophore

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2,6-Dimethyl-γ-pyrone
(2.00 g, 16.1 mmol) and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzaldehyde
(4.81 g, 32.2 mmol) were added into a 100 mL two-neck round-bottom
flask. Anhydrous ethanol (60 mL) was delivered into the flask using
a glass syringe under an Ar atmosphere. Sodium ethoxide (18 mL, 48
mmol; 21 wt % in ethanol, Sigma-Aldrich) was added slowly into the
solution using a disposable syringe. The reaction mixture was refluxed
for 48 h under an Ar atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature,
the solution was concentrated under a reduced pressure. Silica gel
column purification was performed with increasing polarity of eluents
from 100% CH2Cl2 to 19:1 v/v CH2Cl2/CH3OH. An orange solid was obtained with a yield
of 56%. Rf = 0.2 (19:1 v/v EtOAc/CH3OH). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ
(ppm): 3.04 (s, 12H), 6.16 (s, 2H), 6.52 (d, J =
15.9 Hz, 2H), 6.72 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 4H), 7.41 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 2H), 7.47 (d, J = 9.0 Hz,
4H). 13C{1H} NMR (126 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ (ppm): 40.50, 112.46, 112.52, 115.23, 123.44, 129.48,
136.28, 151.96, 162.53, 180.34. HR MS (FAB, m-NBA):
calcd for C25H27N2O2 ([M
+ H]+), 387.2073; found: 387.2069. Anal. calcd for C25H26N2O2: C, 77.69; H, 6.78;
N, 7.25. Found: C, 77.49; H, 6.72; N, 7.29.
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2

Synthesis of 2-Thioxoimidazoquinolin-2-ones

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2-Thioxoimidazoquinolin-2-ones 2 were obtained from 3-hydroxyquinoline-2,4-diones 3 according to procedure [15 (link)]. The rest reagents were purchased and used as obtained. N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), pure for analysis, ethyl bromoacetate, pure for analysis, potassium carbonate, pure for analysis, chloroform, pure for analysis, ammonium nitrate, sodium ethoxide, potassium t-butoxide, 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP), and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany).
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3

Chitosan-Based Composite Materials

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Ferrous sulfate, ammonium ferric (III) sulfate dodecahydrate ((FeSO4⋅7H2O; >99.0%) and (NH4)Fe(SO4)2⋅12H2O; >99.0%, respectively), epichlorohydrin (epi; >99.0%), chitosan (Degree of Acetylation (DA): greater than 75%) (CHI), sodium hydroxide pellets (>99.99% for pH adjustment), sodium ethoxide (C2H5ONa) solution (50%), thiourea (CH4N2S; 99%), diethyl malonate (C7H12O4; 99%), glutaraldehyde (C5H8O2; 25% in H2O) and potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) were supplied by Sigma Aldrich (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Acetone (99.9%) and dimethylformamide (DMF; 99.9%) were purchased from Chron Chemicals (Qionglai, China). Other chemicals were obtained from Prolabo (VWR, Avantor Group, Fontenay-sous-Bois, France), which are used without further purification.
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4

Adsorption of Pharmaceutical Compounds Using Banana Peels

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The McIlvaine citrate–phosphate solution was prepared using citric acid (C₆H₈O₇) and disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) provided by AVANTOR (Radnor, PA, USA). The chemicals obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Burlington, MA, USA) include sodium hydroxide (≥98%, NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%), sodium bicarbonate (99.5–100.5%, NaHCO3), sodium ethoxide (≥95%, NaOC2H5), and sodium carbonate (≥99.5%, Na2CO3). Amoxicillin (C16H19N3O5S, CAS No.:26787-78-0), phosphoric acid (H3PO4,85%, CAS No.:7664-38-2), and carbamazepine (C15H12N2O, CAS No.: 298-46-4) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich. Banana peels (BP) were obtained from local supermarket in Veszprém, Hungary free of charge. The unreported substances employed in this study were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. Whatman® glass microfiber filters were utilized to separate the adsorbents from the treated solution. The chemical compounds and reagents utilized were of analytical quality and did not need further purification. Throughout the testing procedures, the MilliporeDirect-Q® 5 UV (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) purification system was used to provide ultra-pure water (MQ) with a resistivity of at least 18.2 MΩ·cm.
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5

Synthesis of 1-Butylimidazole from Imidazole

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Imidazole (Him), methyl Imidazole (mim), butyl bromide, 1,4butanesultone, sodium ethoxide, p-nitrophenyl acetate, sulfuric acid (97-98%), and sodium bisulfate used as precursors or reactants were from Sigma-Aldrich. Methanol, sulfuric ether, ethyl acetate, hexane, acetone, butyl alcohol, and dichloromethane used as solvents or eluents were from Sigma-Aldrich. 1-ButylImidazole (bim) was synthesized by reaction of Imidazole with butyl bromide through an aliphatic nucleophilic substitution, following a previously reported method that employs sodium ethoxide for deprotonating the Imidazole, 27, 28 as it described in the ESI. †
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6

Echium Oil Extraction and Characterization

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Echium oil (Echium plantagineum) was supplied by Harke Nutrition (Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany) . Ethyl oleate (>98%) , urethane (>99%) and sodium ethoxide (>95%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, USA) . Anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium chloride and sulfuric acid 96% were purchased from Panreac (Castellar del Valles, Spain) . Hexane 99% HPLC grade was obtained from Lab-Scan (Gliwice, Poland) . Finally, absolute ethanol and urea were purchased from Scharlau (Sentmenat, Spain) .
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