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4 protocols using total hsl

1

Adipocyte Signaling Pathways Regulation

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All recombinant proteins used in this study were purchased from R&D Systems, except STC1 (BioVendor) and TNFα (Sigma). Synthetic PTHrP and PTH peptides, PTHrP(1-34) ELISA assay (S-1227) and anti-PTHrP(1-34) (T-4512) antibody were purchased from Bachem. Normal rabbit IgG (Santa Cruz; sc-2027 and R&D Systems; AB-105-C) was used as control for anti-PTHrP. All of other antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling, including total-HSL (#4107), p-HSL (#4126), total-CREB (#9197), p-CREB (#9198), phospho-PKA substrate (#9624), p-Akt (#4060) and p-ERK1/2 (#9101), except anti-Ucp1 (Abcam; ab10983) and anti-tubulin (Santa Cruz; sc-9935). Norepinephrine and AST-1306 were from Sigma and Tocris respectively.
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2

Quantitative Immunoblot Analysis of Cellular Proteins

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Tissues and cells were harvested and lysed in radio-immunoprecipitation assay buffer supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors. Matched protein quantities were separated by SDS–PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes. Membranes were blocked in 3% skim milk for 2 h and then incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4 °C: Trim28 (Cell Signalling), β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotech), total HSL (Cell Signaling Technologies), pHSL-s563 (Invitrogen), total ACC (Cell Signaling Technologies), DJ-1 (Cell Signaling Technologies), pAkt-S473 (Cell Signaling Technologies), total Akt (Cell Signaling Technologies), pGSK3β-s9 (Cell Signaling Technologies), total GSK-3β (Cell Signaling Technologies), pan 14-3-3 (Santa Cruz), C/EBPα (Cell Signaling Technologies), and PPARγ (Cell Signaling Technologies). After incubation with primary antibodies, membranes were probed with their respective HRP-conjugate secondary anti mouse or anti rabbit (Biorad) antibodies in 3% skim milk for 2 h at room temperature, then visualised with chemiluminescence (Pierce). Approximated molecular weights of proteins were determined from a co-resolved molecular weight standard (BioRad, #1610374). The Image Lab Program was used to perform densitometry analyses, and all quantification results were normalized to their respective loading control or total protein.
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3

Adipose Tissue Protein Expression Analysis

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Adipose tissues were homogenized and the protein concentration was determined by Bradford assay as previously described [20 (link)]. The proteins were separated on 4–12% acrylamide SDS/PAGE gels (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) to evaluate the expression of H6PDH (Cat# sc-67394, Santa Cruz, Dallas, Texas), 11β-HSDl (Cat# sc-20175, Santa Cruz, Dallas, Texas), ACC (Cat# C83B10, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), ACL (Cat# 4332, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), pSer79 ACC (Cat# D7D11, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), pSer455 ACL (Cat# 4331, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), total HSL (Cat# 4107S, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), phospho-Ser660 HSL(Cat# 4126S Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), ATGL (Cat# 2138S, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), and β-actin (Cat# 3700S, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA). Adipose proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and incubated with the appropriate primary and secondary antibodies. Protein bands were visualized using ECL (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Waltham, MA) and quantified by Eagle Eye II Quantitation System (Stratagene, CA, U.S.A.).
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4

Adipogenesis Regulation Protein Analysis

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5,5'dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid), acetyl CoA, DLdithiothreitol (DTT), iodoacetamide, oxaloacetic acid, palmitoyl CoA, phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) and triethanolamine hydrochloride were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Primary antibodies anti-SIRT1, -PGC-1α, -NRF1, -FAS and -CD36 were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Primary antibodies anti-FATP1 (SLC27A1), -NRG4 and -EPDR1 were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Primary antibodies anti-p-AMPK (Thr 172), -total AMPK, -Acetylated lysine, -pHSL (Ser 660), -total HSL, -α-tubulin and -histone H3 were obtained from Cell Signalling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Primary antibodies anti-UCP1, -SIRT3, -GLUT4 and -ATGL were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA).
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