Chondroitin sulfate b sodium salt

A HCl salt form of linear polyethylenimine (LPEI, MW: 2.5 kDa) was purchased from Polysciences (Warrington, PA, USA). Chondroitin sulfate A sodium salt (from bovine trachea), chondroitin sulfate B sodium salt (dermatan sulfate sodium salt from porcine intestinal mucosa), and 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid di(N-hydroxysuccinimide ester) (DSP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), RPMI 1640, fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Sodium hyaluronate (HA, 20kDa) was obtained from Lifecore Biomedical (Chaska, MN, USA). Fluorescence dyes Flamma FPR-553 (λ_abs/λ_em = 553/587 nm) and FPR-648 (λ_abs/λ_em = 648/672 nm) were purchased from BioActs (DKC Corp., Incheon, Korea). Anti-human CD146 antibody (αCD146) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA), and anti-mouse CD146 and anti-mouse CD16/32 antibody were from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA). All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received.

Chondroitin sulfate B sodium salt (from porcine intestinal mucosa, ≥90%, lyophilized powder, 60 kDa; PDI = 1.94) and poly-L-lysine (PLL) (0.1 % w/v in H₂O), sodium acetate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium phosphate dibasic, paraformaldehyde, Triton, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and potassium phosphate monobasic were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 2D clay particles (Laponite XLG) with a thickness of 1 nm and lateral dimensions of 20 − 50 nm were obtained from BYK Additives Inc (Rochester Hills, MI, USA). Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline DPBS (Gibco), Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) media (Gibco), Minimum Essential Medium Alpha (MEM α), ethidium homodimer-1 (EthD-1), Calcein AM, PrestoBlue assay, Alexa Fluor 594−phalloidin, and 4′,6- diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and rhodamine-phalloidin were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (USA). QuantiChrom Calcium Assay kit, and QuantiChrom Alkaline Phosphatase Activity kit were purchased from BioAssay Systems (Hayward, CA, USA).