Hydrogen peroxide

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Hydrogen peroxide is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound with the formula H2O2. It is a common laboratory reagent used for its oxidizing properties.

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Lab products found in correlation

1 693 protocols using hydrogen peroxide

Comprehensive Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Assays

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All the chemicals such
as methanol, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide,
phenazine methosulfate (PMS), silver nitrate (AgNO₃), sodium
nitroprusside, trichloro acetic acid (TCA), trichloro acetic acid
(TCA), sodium chloride (NaCl), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfosalicyclic
acid (SSA), 2,4,4 dithionitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), pyrogallol, hydrogen
peroxide (H₂O₂), TrisHCl, potassium dihydrogen
phosphate (KH₂PO₄), thio barbaturic acid (TBA),
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), Evans blue, taurine,
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 2-deoxy-2-ribose, sulfanilamine,
naphthylethylenediamine-dihydrochloride, sodium chloride (NaCl), ferric
chloride (FeCl₃), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), 2-deoxy-2-ribose, potassium chloride (KCl), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4),
hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), ethylene diamine tetra
acetic acid (EDTA), nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), n-butanol, pyridine, sodium citrate, citric acid, ascorbic acid, orthophosphoric
acid, BSA, ascorbic acid, and other chemicals were purchased from
SRL chemicals, India, Merck India, Ltd., Mumbai, India. All chemicals
used were of analytical grade. Chlorogenic acid, Histopaque 1077,
and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide
(MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC, US.

Roy T., Dey S.K., Pradhan A., Chaudhuri A.D., Dolai M., Mandal S.M, & Choudhury S.M. (2022). Facile and Green Fabrication of Highly Competent Surface-Modified Chlorogenic Acid Silver Nanoparticles: Characterization and Antioxidant and Cancer Chemopreventive Potential. ACS Omega, 7(51), 48018-48033.

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Quantification of Iron Levels in Murine Brain and Spleen

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Iron levels in brain and spleen samples were measured by Agilent 8900 triple quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Briefly, 5 µL of 67% nitric acid (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) per mg brain sample was used to lyse the tissue overnight at room temperature, followed by a 1 h digestion at 90 °C using 5 µL of 30% hydrogen peroxide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) per mg brain tissue. For spleen samples, 10 µL of 67% nitric acid(Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) per mg spleen sample was used for lysis overnight at room temperature, followed by a 1 h digestion at 90 °C using 10 µL of 30% hydrogen peroxide per mg spleen tissue. Both brain and spleen samples were further diluted (1:5) with 1% nitric acid before iron detection by ICP-MS. Calibration curves were drawn from calibration blanks at six standard points with different iron concentrations (4 nM–4 µM). For the acute dosing study, brain iron levels were determined in the saline (n = 3) and TfRMAb (n = 3) treated mice. Spleen iron levels were not determined following acute dosing. For the chronic dosing study, brain and spleen iron levels were determined in saline (n = 4) and TfRMAb (n = 4) treated mice. Brain and spleen iron levels were not determined in the mouse IgG1 treated mice.

Castellanos D.M., Sun J., Yang J., Ou W., Zambon A.C., Pardridge W.M, & Sumbria R.K. (2020). Acute and Chronic Dosing of a High-Affinity Rat/Mouse Chimeric Transferrin Receptor Antibody in Mice. Pharmaceutics, 12(9), 852.

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Cultivation and Manipulation of S. pombe

Cited 1 time

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S. pombe cells were cultured in YES or EMM media supplemented with adenine, histidine, leucine, and/or uracil (Forsburg and Rhind 2006 (link)). Liquid cultures were grown with shaking (200 rpm) at 30°. In experiments involving LatA treatment, S. pombe cells were grown to midlog phase (O.D. of 0.2) in YES and treated with the indicated concentration of LatA (Enzo Life Sciences International). Cells were then grown at 30° for the indicated duration before being fixed with ethanol and stored in PBS pH 7.4.
In experiments involving hydrogen peroxide treatment, S. pombe cells were grown to midlog phase (O.D. of 0.2) in YES and then treated with 0.003% hydrogen peroxide (Sigma). Cells were grown at 30° for the indicated duration before being analyzed further.
All strains used in this study were either derived from the Karagiannis lab collection, constructed during the course of this work (see Cloning methods), or in the case of the imp1Δ and caf5Δ strains, purchased from Bioneer Corporation as part of version 4 of the haploid gene deletion mutant library (Kim et al. 2010 (link)). All genetic crosses and general yeast techniques were performed using standard methods (Forsburg and Rhind 2006 (link))

Asadi F., Chakraborty B, & Karagiannis J. (2016). Latrunculin A-Induced Perturbation of the Actin Cytoskeleton Mediates Pap1p-Dependent Induction of the Caf5p Efflux Pump in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics, 7(2), 723-730.

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Stress Response Mechanisms in P. gingivalis

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For all stress-related experiments, the P. gingivalis W83 and △PG0352 strains were incubated until they reached exponential phase (OD₆₀₀ = 0.8-1.0).

pH-induced stress. The pH of the TSB medium was adjusted to 5.0, 7.2 or 9.0 by the addition of 1 M NaOH or 0.5 M HCl. Bacterial cells were centrifuged at 3000×g for 8 min at 4 °C, then the pellets were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and resuspended in TSB medium at different pH values [8 (link)].

Temperature-induced stress. First, P. gingivalis W83 and △PG0352 cultures were treated as described above, then cells were resuspended in freshly supplemented TSB. Resuspensions of each strain were divided into three portions that were then cultured at 41, 37 or 34 °C [11 (link)].

hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. First, P. gingivalis W83 and △PG0352 cultures were treated as described above. Next, hydrogen peroxide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added to the TSB medium and both strains were incubated at final concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 or 1 mM H₂O₂. Final concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were obtained by diluting a 3% solution (8.8 mM) to the appropriate molarity in TSB medium [9 (link)]. Cell cultures that were not treated with hydrogen peroxide were used as controls.

Xu X., Tong T., Yang X., Pan Y., Lin L, & Li C. (2017). Differences in survival, virulence and biofilm formation between sialidase-deficient and W83 wild-type Porphyromonas gingivalis strains under stressful environmental conditions. BMC Microbiology, 17, 178.

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Oxidative Stress and Testicular Damage

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Forty rats were randomly separated into two experimental groups (n = 20 per group): normal saline-injected and hydrogen peroxide-injected groups. Anesthesia, disinfection, and left testicular exposure were performed as described above. In the normal saline-injected group, normal saline in a 1 ml volume was injected into left testis via the testicular artery. In the hydrogen peroxide-injected group, hydrogen peroxide (140 mM; Sigma Chemical Company) in a 1 ml volume was injected into left testis via the testicular artery. Then, left testis was placed back into the scrotum, and the incision was closed. We removed left testes of ten rats from each group four hours after injection for determination of malondialdehyde level, and these rats were finally euthanized by the carbon dioxide method. The left testes of the remaining ten rats from each group were excised three months after injection for evaluation of testicular spermatogenesis. Testicular malondialdehyde level and spermatogenesis were analyzed as described above.

Wei S.M, & Huang Y.M. (2022). Attenuation Effect of Salvianolic Acid B on Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022, 7680182.

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Teeth Whitening Using TiO2 Nanofibers

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Teeth were randomly distributed into 5 groups for bleaching in the water of grade 3 (negative control; NC), Experimental 0.5 µg/mL TiO₂ NFs solution (NFs) with UV light irradiation at 365 nm (Spectroline; Spectronics Corp., Westbury, NY, USA) for 8 hours, P&G Crest 3D White Glamorous White Whitestrips (WS), 1% hydrogen peroxide standard solution (1% HP), and 30% hydrogen peroxide standard solution (30% HP). The specimens were immersed in the respective bleaching solutions for 8 hours. hydrogen peroxide standard solutions were prepared from 30% hydrogen peroxide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Paul, MO, USA) and adjusted to a pH of 7.4 before usage. The WS group was applied according to the manufacturer's recommendations with 2 applications daily for 30 minutes for 14 days. All tests were performed at room temperature at 22°C.

Tran C., Choi E., Watu B., Oyoyo U., Perry C, & Kwon S.R. (2021). Laboratory model to evaluate efficacy of an experimental titanium oxide nanofibers bleaching agent. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 46(4), e47.

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Immunohistochemistry of MFSD5 and MFSD11

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Floating sections were washed in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) followed by incubation in 10% Methanol (Sigma-Aldrich) and 4% hydrogen peroxide (Merck, Germany) diluted in TBS for 10min. After additional washes tissues were blocked for 1h in supermix before the primary antibodies (anti-MFSD5 (1:500, Santa Cruz), anti-MFSD11 (1:500, Sigma-Aldrich)), diluted in supermix were added and allowed to incubate at 4°C overnight. Sections were then washed in TBS and secondary biotinylated antibodies (1:400, Vector laboratories) were added and incubated for 1h at RT. After additional TBS washes, 1h incubation in the ABC kit solution (Vector laboratories) was performed. The samples were then developed in a solution consisting of one DAB tablet (Sigma-Aldrich) dissolved in 12,5ml TBS, 3.8% NiCl and 0.03% hydrogen peroxide added directly prior development for a maximum of 10min, the reactions were stopped by TBS washes. Sections were transferred to gelatine-coated slides (Superfrost, Menzel-Gläser, Thermo Scientific) and dried overnight before dehydrated by an ethanol series completed with Xylene (Sigma-Aldrich) and mounting in DPX (Sigma-Aldrich). Sections stained without primary antibodies were used as negative controls. Samples were scanned in a Pannoramic midi scanner using bregma according to The mouse brain atlas [28 ].

Perland E., Lekholm E., Eriksson M.M., Bagchi S., Arapi V, & Fredriksson R. (2016). The Putative SLC Transporters Mfsd5 and Mfsd11 Are Abundantly Expressed in the Mouse Brain and Have a Potential Role in Energy Homeostasis. PLoS ONE, 11(6), e0156912.

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Colorimetric Oxidant Measurement Protocol

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The tear and serum TOS levels were determined using an automated colorimetric measurement method. Oxidants present in the sample oxidized ferrous o-dianisidine complexes into ferric ions, and the oxidation reaction was enhanced by glycerol molecules. The ferric ions formed a colored complex with xylenol orange, an acidic medium. Therefore, the color intensity, which was measured spectrophotometrically, was related to the total number of oxidant molecules present in the sample. Hydrogen peroxide (Sigma Aldrich, Germany) was used for calibration, and the results were expressed in micromolar Hydrogen peroxide equivalent per liter (µmol H2O2 equiv/l).

Yesilirmak N., Bukan N., Kurt B., Fatsa T., Yuzbasıoglu S., Zhao M., Hosbul T., Bourges J.L, & Behar-Cohen F. (2023). Toll-like receptor-4 expression and oxidative stress in ocular rosacea. Molecular Vision, 29, 357-364.

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Evaluating Mitochondrial Function Assays

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We purchased tebufenpyrad (96% purity) from AK Scientific Inc. (Union City, CA), pyridaben (99.1% purity) from Chem Services (West Chester, PA), and rotenone (95–98% purity) and hydrogen peroxide (30 wt. % in H₂O) from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). DMSO was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Law, NJ). We purchased RPMI 1640 media, fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, penicillin, streptomycin and Sytox green nucleic acid fluorescence stain from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR), the Muse® Count & Viability Assay Kit (Catalog # MCH100102) from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA), and the 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-H₂DCFDA) fluorescent probe and MitoTracker red CMXROS and MitoTracker green dyes from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). The Cell Titer 96® AQueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation assay kit and Cell Titer Glo Luminescent Cell Viability assay kit were bought from Promega (Madison, WI). The Aconitase assay kit was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Oligomycin, hydrogen peroxide, carbonyl cyanide 4-trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone (FCCP) and antimycin A were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), and the Seahorse FluxPak calibration solution was bought from Seahorse Biosciences (Billerica, MA).

Charli A., Jin H., Anantharam V., Kanthasamy A, & Kanthasamy A.G. (2015). Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics induced by tebufenpyrad and pyridaben in a dopaminergic neuronal cell culture model. Neurotoxicology, 53, 302-313.

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Sustainable Cellulose Nanofibers from Oil Palm Waste

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Oil palm EFB fibers procured from Szetech Engineering Sdn Bhd (Selangor, Malaysia) were milled and sieved at desired sizes of 106 to 500 µm. Preparation of cellulose isolation and the defibrillation processes were done using formic acid, 90%, hydrogen peroxide, 30%, sodium hydroxide, and iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate received from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. While the surface-grafted CNF were formulated using PEG with an average M_n of 4000 (Linear formula, H(OCH₂CH₂)nOH) (Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany), synthesized reduced graphene oxide with graphite flakes (Ashbury, Inc., Ruckersville, VA, USA), phosphoric acid, 85%, potassium permanganate, 99.9%, hydrogen peroxide, 30%, and sodium borohydride (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). In 3D printing, commercial UV-curable resin was used with a composition of 45–47 wt% polyurethane acrylate, 34–36 wt% morpholine, and 15–17 wt% tripropylene glycol diacrylate (Wanhao Precision Casting Co. Ltd. (Jinhua, China)), and isopropyl alcohol (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was used to remove the residual resin on the 3D-printed samples.

Mohan D., Sajab M.S., Kaco H., Bakarudin S.B, & Mohamed Noor A. (2019). 3D Printing of UV-Curable Polyurethane Incorporated with Surface-Grafted Nanocellulose. Nanomaterials, 9(12), 1726.

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