Spss for windows 18

Manufactured by IBM

Sourced in United States

SPSS for Windows 18.0 is a statistical software package that enables data analysis, data management, and data visualization. It provides tools for descriptive statistics, regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and more. The software is designed to work on the Windows operating system.

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Lab products found in correlation

Sas version 9, by SAS Institute (2 mentions) Aladdin optical biometer, by Topcon (1 mentions)

117 protocols using spss for windows 18

Evaluating TLC-PA-China System Efficacy

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We applied the intention-to-treat principle for data analysis. Descriptive analyses were performed for key socio-demographic indicators such as gender, age, marital status, employment type, smoking behavior and perceived economic status. The efficacy of the TLC-PA-China system to increase participants’ physical activity to the WHO-recommended level was assessed by calculating the relative risks (RR), absolute risk increase (ARI), relative risk increase (RRI), and the number needed to treat (NNT) to increase a participant’s PA level to the WHO-recommended level.
Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to model longitudinally the effect of the TLC-PA-China system on MOD+PA levels (linear response, exchangeable working correlation matrix), and on meeting the WHO physical activity recommendation (binary response, exchangeable working correlation matrix). Both models were controlled for the effects of baseline MOD+PA level, gender and age. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows 18.0.

Mui L.W., Friedman R.H., Lau J.T., Peng J, & Abdullah A.S. (2018). A RCT to evaluate a totally automated, culturally-adapted telephone counselor for increasing physical activity among physically inactive individuals in China. BMC Public Health, 18, 785.

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Cardiac Function Statistical Analysis

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The SPSS for Windows 18.0 package program was used for statistical analyses. Continuous variables with a normal distribution were expressed as the mean±SD, whereas those without a normal distribution were shown as the median [interquartile range (IQR), 25^th–75^th percentile]. Categorical variables were shown as frequencies (%). The normality of variables was analyzed by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Except for QTc all other variables were not normally distributed. Pearson’s chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyze categorical variables. The significance of difference between the groups with respect to QTc was tested using Student’s t-test, whereas the Mann–Whitney U-test was used for continuous variables without a normal distribution to analyze the difference between the groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to establish the association between continuous variables. A p value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Daar G., Serin H.İ., Ede H, & Hüsrevşahi H. (2015). Association between the corrected QT interval, carotid artery intima-media thickness, and hepatic steatosis in obese children. Anatolian Journal of Cardiology, 16(7), 524-528.

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Statistical Analysis of Continuous Variables

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SPSS for Windows 18.0 (Chicago, IL) software package was used for statistical analyses. Continuous variables were presented as mean values and standard deviations. Differences between two groups were tested by t-test for normally distributed variables and by Mann–Whitney test for nonnormally distributed variables. For analysis of more than two groups, ANOVA test was used for normally distributed variables and Kruskal–Wallis test was used for nonnormally distributed variables.
Correlations were evaluated by means of Spearman's rank correlation test. A p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.

Coban H, & Gungen A.C. (2017). Is There a Correlation between New Scoring Systems and Systemic Inflammation in Stable Bronchiectasis?. Canadian Respiratory Journal, 2017, 9874068.

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Statistical Analysis of Clinical Outcomes

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Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows 18.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). Continuous variables areexpressed as mean ± SD, categorical variables are given as frequencies (%). Univariate comparisons between the two groups were performed using Pearson’s chi-square test for categorical variables, and a Student t test for continuous variables. Kaplan-meier was used to analyze the cumulative incidence of clinical events during the follow-up. Difference was considered to be statistically significant at P < 0.05.

Cao C.F., Ma Y.L., Li Q., Liu J., Zhao H., Lu M.Y, & Wang W.M. (2020). Comparison of bailout and planned rotational atherectomy for severe coronary calcified lesions. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 20, 374.

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Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

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Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). The data were expressed as median or mean ± standard deviation (SD). The statistical comparisons of the groups were performed by the Kruskal–Wallis test. The significant results for pairwise comparisons were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. A P value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant.

İzci E.K., Keskin F., Erdi F., Kaya B., Karatas Y., Feyzioglu B., Findik S., Kalkan E., Esen H, & Guney Ö. (2023). Increased expression of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 in astrocytomas of ascending grades. Medicine, 102(26), e34132.

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Statistical Analysis of Biological Experiments

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Data analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows 18.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). Statistical analysis was carried out with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the LSD t test as pairwise comparisons. P<0.05 was regarded as significant. Data are shown as mean ±SD (standard deviation) of 3 independent experiments (n=3).

Zhao C.M., Chen Q., Zhang W.J., Huang A.B., Zhang W., Yang H.L, & Zhang Z.M. (2016). 17β-Estradiol Protects Rat Annulus Fibrosus Cells Against Apoptosis via α1 Integrin-Mediated Adhesion to Type I Collagen: An In-vitro Study. Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 22, 1375-1383.

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Statistical Analysis of Postoperative Outcomes

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SPSS for Windows 18.0 (SPSS Inc, US) was used for statistical analysis in this study. The data of ODI, VAS score and muscle strength is presented as median and interquartile range (IQR). The other data is presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze ODI, VAS score and muscle strength between pre-operation and post-operation. In addition, multivariate regression analyses (Enter method)were performed to identify the risk factors that would affect postoperative recovery in terms of the ODI improvement rate and muscle strength improvement rate, respectively. p values less than 0.05 were regarded as significant.

Gao S., Li Z., Li X., Rudd S., Wang H., Gao Z., Ding W, & Yang S. (2023). The treatment effect of posterior lumbar fusion surgery on patients suffering from lumbar disc herniation concurrent with peroneal nerve paralysis. Frontiers in Surgery, 9, 1063528.

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Statistical Analysis of Continuous and Categorical Data

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Data analysis was performed with SPSS for Windows 18.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Continuous variables were presented as the means ± standard deviation, whereas categorical variables were presented as a number and percentage. P < .05 was considered as statistically different.

Hao Y.Q., Guo H., Zhu T., Xu Z.C., Qi H.D., Lu C, & Yuan P.W. (2018). Core decompression, lesion clearance and bone graft in combination with Tongluo Shenggu decoction for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine, 97(41), e12674.

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Automated Optical Biometry Measurements

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The Aladdin optical biometer (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), introduced into clinical use in 2012, is able to automatically measure biometric parameters such as AL, ACD, keratometry/corneal topography, WTW and pupillometry. AL is measured using an 820 nm superluminescent diode laser. ACD is measured using LED light projected horizontally. The 24-ring Placido disk is used to obtain keratometry and corneal topography measurements. Pupillometry measurements are taken under infrared LED and white LED light to determine photopic and mesopic pupil diameter.
Data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS for Windows 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Paired t-test was used to compare data obtained using the two devices. Correlation between the measurements was assessed using Pearson correlation analysis. Evaluations were done between 95% confidence interval and p values less than 0.05 were accepted as statistical significance.

Polat O., Baysal Z., Özcan S., İnan S, & İnan Ü.Ü. (2016). Comparison of Anterior Segment Measurements Obtained by Aladdin Optical Biometer and Sirius Corneal Topography. Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology, 46(6), 259-263.

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Statistical Analysis of Liver Function Parameters

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The SPSS for Windows 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software package was used for statistical analyses. Means, standard deviations, ranges, and percentages were calculated. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for normally distributed data of weight loss, mitotic count, and levels of AST, LDH, total and direct bilirubin, and C-reactive protein. Ki-67 expression, relative liver weight, ALT, and total protein values were in the normal range. Student's t-test was used to examine these parameters. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Sipahi M., Şahin S., Arslan E., Börekci H., Metin B, & Cantürk N.Z. (2015). Effect of the Human Amniotic Membrane on Liver Regeneration in Rats. HPB Surgery, 2015, 706186.

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