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147 protocols using jem 3010

1

Nanoemulsion Characterization by DLS and TEM

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The hydrodynamic size distribution of the nanoemulsions was determined by dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) using a particle size analyzer ELSZ-1000 (Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan). The morphology of the nanonemulsions was observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEM-3010, JEOL, Japan). TEM specimen was prepared by mixing 10 μL of the nanoemulsions with 10 μL of 2% uranyl acetate for negative staining. The mixture was dropped on a carbon-coated copper grid (Ted Pella, Inc., Redding, CA, USA), followed by incubation at room temperature for 5 min. The drop was removed using a filter paper, and the grids were dried in air.
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2

Characterization of PtNPs/MWCNT Nanocomposites

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All electrochemical experiments were conducted on a CHI760E electrochemical workstation (Chenhua Instrument Company of Shanghai, China), and a classic three-electrode electrolytic cell was used. The working electrode was a glassy carbon electrode (GCE, 3 mm diameter), the reference electrode was a KCl-saturated calomel electrode (SCE), and the counter electrode was a platinum plate. All potentials reported here are cited versus SCE (vs. SCE). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-3010, Jeol, Japan) was applied to characterize the morphology and particle size of PtNPs on MWCNTs. X-ray diffraction (XRD, Shimadzu XD-3A diffractometer) was applied to characterize the crystal phase structures of the nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, Mettler Toledo) was performed to characterize the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were obtained using a Nicolet Nexus 670 FT-IR spectrophotometer. The PtNPs loading masses for PtNPs/TPANI-MWCNTs, PtNPs/PANI-MWCNTs and PtNPs/MWCNTs were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atom emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Comprehensive Characterization of CuO Nanoparticles

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The crystal properties of the sample were characterized from 10 to 80° in 2θ by an X-ray diffractometer with CuKα radiation (Shimadzu XRD 6000, Kyoto, Japan). Morphological characteristics were characterized by FESEM (JEOL JSM-6701F combined with EDX, Tokyo, Japan) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) (JEOL JEM 3010). UV–Vis absorption spectra were recorded by a UV–visible spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Lambda 35, (Waltham, MA, USA). The FTIR spectra of biosynthesized CuO NPs were recorded by KBr pellet method using FTIR spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer RX1). The X-ray photoelectron spectra were obtained using Perkin Elmer PHI5600 (ULVAC-PHI, Inc.,Waltham, MA, USA). A micro-Raman spectrometer equipped with an optical microscope (Olympus BX51, Tokyo, Japan), a CW 532 nm DPSS laser, a Peltier-cooled CCD camera (DV401, Andor Technology, Belfast, UK) and a monochromator (MS257, Oriel Instruments Co., Stratford, CT, USA) were used to measure the Raman spectra.
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4

In Situ Lithiation Dynamics of Sn Nanoparticles

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A JEM-3010 (300 kV, JEOL) microscope with a high-speed charge-coupled device camera (SC200, Gatan) was used to observe the real-time lithiation dynamics of Sn nanoparticles. Supplementary Movies showing the morphological evolutions were recorded with the Gatan Digital Micrograph software (recording rate: 3 frames s−1, Gatan Microscopy Suite). The electron-beam dosage was maintained in a range of 3.0–8.0 A cm−2 to initiate the lithiation as well as for TEM imaging. Ex situ TEM observations were carried out with a Tecnai G2 F30 S-Twin microscope (300 kV, FEI). After cycling the electrochemical cells, we disassembled the cells under an inert Ar atmosphere. Residual electrolyte on the Sn electrode surfaces was removed by rinsing and sonicating the surface several times with a dimethyl carbonate (DMC) solution. The Sn-dispersed DMC solution was then drop-casted onto a perforated carbon-coated TEM grid (Cu, 300 Mesh, SPI Supplies). TEM imaging and energy-dispersive spectroscopy elemental analyses were conducted after drying the solvent at room temperature for 12 h. EELS spectra are obtained at 300 kV accelerating voltage (Supplementary Fig. 21 and Supplementary Note 2)
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Characterization of AgNP-Encapsulating pNIPAM Nanoparticles

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The sizes of three fabricated pNIPAM and pNIPAM-NH2 polymeric nanoparticles were determined by DLS using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK). The mean particle diameter (z-average) and particle size distribution (polydispersity index) were measured at 25°C. The spectral absorption of the three AgNP-encapsulating pNIPAM and pNIPAM-NH2 nanoparticle size groups was assessed using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Synergy™ HT reader, BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA) in the range of 300–600 nm.27 All experiments were performed in triplicate to determine mean and SD values. The compositions of the resulting AgNP-encapsulating pNIPAM and pNIPAM-NH2 nanoparticle size groups were determined by ICP-OES. The morphological characteristics of the AgNP-encapsulating pNIPAM and pNIPAM-NH2 nanoparticle groups were observed by high-resolution TEM (JEM 3010, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). For TEM, a drop of AgNP-encapsulating polymeric nanoparticles solution in DW was placed on a copper grid and allowed to dry at room temperature, and then placed in the sample holder of the TEM instrument and analyzed.
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Synthesis of Silver Nanoprisms

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Silver nanoprisms (AgNPRs) were synthesized according to the previous report with slight modification38 (link). In brief, freshly prepared NaBH4 (100 mM, 0.7 mL) was added into an aqueous solution of AgNO3 (0.8 mM, 50 mL), Na3CA (30 mM, 3 mL), and PVP (0.7 mM, 3 mL). The resulting solution termed “silver seed solution” exhibits a yellow color, which was stirred overnight (more than 6 h) at room temperature. Next, freshly prepared NaBH4 (100 mM, 0.5 mL) and H2O2 solution (30%, 1.25 mL) were added into a flask containing 50 mL “silver seed solution” while stirring. A rapid color transition was observed from yellow to blue/purple within 1 min. The resulting solution contains AgNPRs, which were analyzed by field-emission transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEM-3010, JEOL) with an acceleration voltage of 300 kV. The samples for TEM analysis were prepared by dropping the solutions onto a carbon-coated copper TEM grid, followed by drying at room temperature.
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7

Imaging Si nanostructures and bacterial biofilms

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Si materials including intrinsic nanowires, microplates, and meshes were imaged with a SEM (Carl Zeiss, Merlin) directly. The bacteria and nanowire mixture after laser illumination or the biofilm samples were firstly fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, followed by washing in DI water and being dehydrated with an increasing ethanol gradient. The samples were dried in a critical point dryer (Leica EM CPD300) and imaged under the same SEM. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on both FEI F30 and JEOL JEM-3010. Nanocrystalline Si nanowires were sonicated in isopropanol (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and then dispersed over copper grids (Ted Pella Inc., Lacey Formvar/Carbon, 200 meshes) for cross-sectional imaging and selected area electron diffraction. The cross sections of the nanowires were prepared by ultramicrotomy. More specifically, Si nanowires were embedded in epoxy resins, which were then solidified at 60°C for 24 hours. Thin epoxy sections of ~100 nm were cut using an ultramicrotome (Ultracut E, Reichert-Jung), collected on lacey carbon grids (Ted Pella Inc.), and imaged using TEM.
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8

Synthesis and Characterization of IONPs

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IONPs were synthesized and coated with either the meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) ligand or the polymer poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) grafted with dodecylamine (PMA) according to established protocols previously applied by our group. [22, 25, [39] [40] [41] Following synthesis, the core diameter was measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM, Jeol JEM3010). UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy (Agilent 8453 UV-visible Spectroscopy System) was applied to evaluate the spectral characteristics, and the concentrations of the dispersions were determined via UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, 7700 Series ICP-MS from Agilent Technologies). Finally, the hydrodynamic diameter and zeta-potential were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments). Detailed information on the synthesis and characterization procedures is provided in the Supplementary Information.
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9

Characterization of Nanomaterials Using Spectroscopy

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Optical spectra (absorbance) of the samples were measured using a Varian Cary 300 Bio UV/vis spectrophotometer and photoluminescence spectra were obtained using a custom-designed Fluorolog from HORIBA Jobin-Yvon. Dynamic Light Scattering measurements were performed using a Wyatt Dynapro NanoStar (Wyatt Technology, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) in the University of Chicago Biophysics Core Facility. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements were obtained using a JEOL JEM-3010 operating at 300 keV. X-ray analyses were performed on D8 Advance ECO Bruker XRD diffractometer using monochromatized Cu Kα (λ = 1.54056 Å) radiation. FisherBiotech FB-SB-710 horizontal electrophoresis system with FB300 power supply has been used for gel electrophoresis studies. XPS analyses were performed on a monochromatic Al Kα source instrument (Kratos, Axis 165, England) operating at 12 kV and 10 mA for an X-ray power of 120 W. Spectra were collected with a photoelectron takeoff angle of 90° from the sample surface plane, energy steps of 0.1 eV, and a pass energy of 20 eV for all elements. All spectra were referenced to the C 1s binding energy at 284.8 eV. Cell cytotoxicity was detected using a flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, NJ, USA) to identify Annexin V positive and or DAPI positive cells.
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10

Characterization of HSA-PEG/PTX Nanoparticles

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The morphology of HSA-PEG/PTX was observed using both transmission and scanning electron microscopes (TEM and SEM). For TEM analysis, the nanoparticles in deionized water were dropped onto a 300-mesh carbon-coated copper grid and dried at room temperature. The grid was stained with 2% uranyl acetate and observed under a transmission electron microscope (JEM-3010, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). For SEM analysis, the nanoparticles were placed on a mica surface by spin coating. The sample was coated with gold in the Precision Etching Coating System (Gantan 682 PECS, Gantan, Pleasanton, CA) and analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (JSM-7600F, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). The hydrodynamic size was determined using a light scattering method (Zeta Plus, Brookhaven Instrument Co., Holtsville, NY) with a He-Ne laser at a wavelength of 632 nm and a 90° detection angle.
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