Clairvivo opt plus

For BH and BF groups, 0.01 mol/L of SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) was added, and 500 mg/kg was administered to nude mice by intragastric administration. Every 30 min, gas anesthesia was performed in nude mice, and the distribution of berberine organic acid salt was observed with an in vivo imaging system (Clairvivo OPT plus, Shimadzu, China) using an exposure time of 5 s and central wavelength of 470 nm. After 4 h of administration, the stomach, heart, liver, kidney, lung, and intestine were dissected from nude mice and observed by fluorescence imaging.

An in vivo fluorescence imaging system (Clairvivo OPT Plus, Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan) was used to assess the distribution of exosomes derived from autologous serum and their cargo siRNA. At the time of measurement, B16/BL6 spontaneous lung metastasis mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and then placed in the chamber of the in vivo fluorescence imaging system. Fluorescence images (ICG: ex 785 nm/em 845 nm, Alexa647: ex 658 nm/em 710 nm) were then alternately taken from five directions, 24 h after intravenous injection of ICG-loaded exosomes only or Alexa647-labeled siRNA-loaded exosomes on day 21 after primary tumor removal. The fluorescence and luminescence images were recorded with the Clairvivo OPT software, version 3.0. Unless otherwise stated, the exposure time for all fluorescence measurements was 1 s. The intensity of fluorescence derived from the ICG-labeled exosomes or Alexa647-labeled siRNA was evaluated using the region of interest (ROI) analysis of the images. The same color scale was used in all images to measure fluorescence intensities.

A 10–15 mL volume of blood was obtained from each rat via puncture in the vena cava inferior. The MLNs of the ileocaecal area were aseptically isolated. After the isolates were ground, 100 μL of homogenized MLNs were cultured on MacConkey (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), Mueller–Hinton (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and whole blood agar (Bio Merieux, Lyon, France) for 48 hours at 37 °C. BT was defined as the presence of viable organisms in the MLN culture2 (link)29 (link)30 (link). To determine whether bacteraemia was present, 3 mL of blood was drawn from the inferior vena cava and inoculated into aerobic and anaerobic Bactec culture bottles. The cultures were incubated at 35 °C, and the growth value (a measurement of CO₂ production by the bacteria) was continuously monitored for at least 7 days4 (link). For BT monitoring, 10 cirrhotic rats and four control rats were lavaged with 10⁸ RFP-marked E. coli. The small intestine, colon, heart, lung, spleen, MLNs, kidneys, and liver were collected at 2 or 6 hours after lavage. The organs were rinsed in ice-cold PBS twice, and the RFP signal was visualised using a Clairvivo OPT Plus fluorescence microscope (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) at a wavelength of 583 nm.