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17 protocols using high performance liquid chromatography grade methanol

1

Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

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Iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O), iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), and d-mannitol were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) was obtained from EMD chemicals (Gibbstown, NJ). Chloroform, anhydrous methanol, and high performance liquid chromatography-grade methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). Ultrahigh-purity nitrogen gas was purchased from Scott-Gross (Lexington, KY).
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2

Extraction and Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from N. sativa

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Chemicals and materials, such as N. sativa seed (black cumin seed), were purchased from local markets in Iran and India. The pure standard of TQ (66%) and LA (60%) were provided by Aldrich Chemical Company (Milwaukee, WI, USA). High-performance liquid chromatography grade methanol and n-hexane were supplied by Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA).
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3

Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds

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Quercetin (Figure 1), mitoxantrone (MX), Ko143, and sulfasalazine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Prazosin was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). High-performance liquid chromatography-grade methanol and formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) and Fluka (Cambridge, MA, USA), respectively.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of Iron-Mannitol Complexes

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Iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O), iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), and D-mannitol were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Chloroform, anhydrous methanol, and high performance liquid chromatography-grade methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). Ultrahigh-purity nitrogen gas was from Scott-Gross (Lexington, KY), and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) was obtained from EMD chemicals (Gibbstown, NJ). Honeywell Riedel-de Haen® Hydranal®-Coulomat AD, reagent for Karl Fischer (KF) coulometric titration, was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO). Special anhydrous AQUA STAR methanol for moisture determinations was purchased from EMD Chemicals, Inc. (Darmstadt, Germany)
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5

HBCD Isomers Quantification

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Native α-HBCD, β-HBCD, and γ-HBCD standard solutions were purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT, USA). 13C12-labeled α-HBCD, β-HBCD, and γ-HBCD standards were obtained from Wellington Laboratories (Guelph, ON, Canada). Pesticide residue analysis grade n-hexane and dichloromethane, were purchased from Honeywell (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). High performance liquid chromatography grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Fisher (Hampton, NH, USA). Silica gel (63–100 μm) was purchased from SunChrom (Friedrichsdorf, Germany).
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6

Herbal Decoction Analysis by LC-MS

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High-performance liquid chromatography grade methanol and gradient grade acetonitrile were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Ottawa, Canada) and Merck KGaA (Darmstade, Germany), respectively. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) grade ammonium formate was purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland), and formic acid 98%–100% from Merck KGaA was used to prepare the mobile phase. Type-1 water (18.2 MΩ.cm) was obtained from Milli-Q Biocel (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). All chemical standards were purchased from Shanghai Standard Technology Co., Ltd. and Chengdu DeSiTe Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
Each of the nine herbs and the decoction of RDS were provided by Shanghai Cai Tong De Pharmacy, China.
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7

Profiling Soybean Cultivars and Probiotics

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Three Korean brown soybean cultivars (Saedanbaek, Daewon, and Neulchan) were provided by the National Institute of Crop Science of the Rural Development Administration (Miryang, South Korea). The probiotic B. subtilis CSY191 was isolated from the Korean traditional soybean paste (Doenjang) as described previously [10 ] and used as the starter organism. High performance liquid chromatography-grade methanol, chloroform, hexane, anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, and American Chemical Society-grade boron trifluoride in methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific Company (Suwanee, GA, USA). Heptadecanoic acid and a variety of fatty acid methyl esters (37 FAMEs) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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8

Pharmacokinetic Interactions of CPI and CsA

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CPI-d8, CPIII-d8, and [ 3 H]CPI (4.9 Ci/mmol; .97.5% purity) were synthesized by Bristol Myers Squibb (Princeton, NJ) (Supplemental Fig. 1, A-C). CPI and a In the coadministration groups (i.e., groups 3, 4, 5, and 6), a CPI-d8 solution was administered to each monkey 60 minutes after CsA administration.
b A crossover study design was used, and the same three male cynomolgus monkeys were dosed over a series of six treatments with a 1-week washout between treatments (n = 3). One exception was the group 4 that was repeated because of a dosing mistake (n = 6). CPIII were purchased from Frontier Scientific, Inc. (Logan, UT). CsA, CsA-13 C 2 , d4, RIF, PROB, PYR, and CPI-15 N 4 were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada). High-performance liquid chromatography grade methanol, acetonitrile, and water were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ). Formic acid and hydrochloric acid were obtained from EMD Chemicals Inc. (Gibbstown, NJ). CsA oral solution (Neoral, 100 mg/ml) was obtained from Novartis Pharmaceuticals (East Hanover, NJ). Cynomolgus monkey and human plasma that were stripped three times with charcoal were purchased from Bioreclamation IVT (Westbury, NY).
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9

Sensitive Lipid Extraction and Analysis

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Chloroform used in the extraction and ammonium formate and formic acid used as modifiers in LC-MS/MS were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) used in the extraction was purchased from Merck Millipore. High-performance liquid chromatography–grade methanol, acetonitrile, isopropanol, and water were from ThermoFisher Scientific and used in lipid extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis.
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10

Preparation and Authentication of B

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The B was purchased from the Tongrentang Drug Store and authenticated by Professor Xijun Wang of the Department of Pharmacognosy of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine (Harbin, China). High-performance liquid chromatography-grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Thermo Fisher (Waltham, MA, USA), the leucine enkephalin and Freund’s complete adjuvant (CFA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany), and the distilled water was purchased from Watsons (Guangzhou, China). In this study, B was decocted in 10 volumes of ultrapure water for 30 min (twice) and then prepared into a freeze-dried powder and dissolved in appropriate water to form a dosing solution.
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