2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), potassium persulphate (K2S2O8), sodium carbonate, gallic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrite, sodium acetate, acetic acid, hydrogen chloride, 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, (+)-catechin, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), acetone, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), hydrogen chloride (HCl), potassium chloride (KCl), vanillin, methanol, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), potassium hydroxide, n-hexane was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Shanghai, China). Absolute ethanol was from Tianjin Fuyu Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Other chemical reagents were supplied by Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). All chemicals were of analytical grade unless specially mentioned.
Hydrogen chloride
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China
Hydrogen chloride is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a colorless, corrosive gas that is highly soluble in water, forming hydrochloric acid. Hydrogen chloride is commonly utilized for pH adjustment, titrations, and as a reagent in various analytical and synthetic procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (27 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Sodium nitrate, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Potassium permanganate, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Phosphoric acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Ferric chloride, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
69 protocols using hydrogen chloride
1
Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation Methods
2
Antioxidant Activity Determination Protocol
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The filtrate obtained from maceration was evaporated using the rotary evaporator Heidolph Basis Hei-VAP HL (Germany), while antioxidant activities were determined using the spectrometer UV/VIS Shimadzu Pharma Spec UV-1700 Series. The medium used for brine shrimp growth was prepared using a small tank consisting of two compartments filled with sea water. Hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvents for extraction were obtained via distillation. Iron (III) chloride, hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, magnesium powder, acetic anhydride, chloroform, Mayer's reagent, sodium carbonate, and methanol p.a. were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Gallic acid, Folin–Ciocalteu, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis MO, USA).
3
Functionalization of Biomolecules with NHS
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N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was obtained from Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland. Acetic acid, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), bovine serum albumin, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), ethanol, glutaraldehyde, hydrogen chloride, nitric acid, paraformaldehyde, sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) were from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. Glycine was from Scharlau Chemicals, Barcelona, Spain. Barium perchlorate (Ba(ClO4)2), barium sulfate (BaSO4), calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), magnesium perchlorate (Mg(ClO4)2), 2-(N-morpholino)ethane sulfonic acid (MES) and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) were from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Barium chloride (BaCl2) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) were from VWR International, Radnor, PA, USA.
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N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was obtained from Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland. Acetic acid, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), bovine serum albumin, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), ethanol, glutaraldehyde, hydrogen chloride, nitric acid, paraformaldehyde, sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) were from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. Glycine was from Scharlau Chemicals, Barcelona, Spain. Barium perchlorate (Ba(ClO4)2), barium sulfate (BaSO4), calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), magnesium perchlorate (Mg(ClO4)2), 2-(N-morpholino)ethane sulfonic acid (MES) and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) were from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Barium chloride (BaCl2) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) were from VWR International, Radnor, PA, USA.
4
Synthesis of Graphite-based Nanocomposites
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Fine graphite powder (99.5%) and potassium permanganate (99%) were purchased from CDH. Sulfuric acid (98%) and hydrogen peroxide (30%) were purchased from RANKEM. Hydrogen chloride (12 N) was purchased from Merck. Lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (99.9%), iron nitrate nonahydrate (98+%) and citric acid (99+%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar.
5
Analytical Reagents for Chromatographic Analysis
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All chemicals were of analytical grade unless otherwise stated. More specifically, tetra-methyl-ammonium-hydroxide (TMAH) 25%, sodium hydroxide, o-phtaldialdehyde and butylated hydroxyToluene were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Toluene, hydrogen chloride, methanol, chloroform, sodium chloride, and 20% boron trifluoride were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). n-Heptane was purchased from VWR (Radnor, Pennsylvania, USA). The purified C23:0 was purchased from Nu Chek Prep (Elysian, MN, USA).
6
Antioxidant Compound Characterization
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DPPH, ABTS, 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl-benzidine (TMB), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethy-chroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), acetic acid, aluminum nitrate, (+)-catechin, ferric chloride, Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, potassium persulfate, quercetin, silibinin, silymarin, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium molybdate, and sodium nitrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Apigenin, diosmetin, and verbascoside were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Isosilibin, silicristin, and silydianin were purchased from SunHank Technology Co., Ltd. (Tainan, Taiwan). Hydrogen chloride, HPLC-grade methanol, and o-phosphoric acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
7
Fabrication and Characterization of Dye D1
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The materials
used in the synthetic procedure and device fabrication were of analytical
grade and used without further purification. Zinc chloride (Merck),
ethyl cellulose (Himedia), 4-tert-butylpyridine (Himedia),
chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (Sigma-Aldrich), ammonium hydroxide
(Merck), iodine (Merck), lithium iodide (Sigma-Aldrich), acetonitrile
(HPLC grade, Merck), dichloromethane (DCM, Merck), valeronitrile (Sigma-Aldrich),
terpineol (Himedia), hydrogen chloride (Merck), 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium
iodide (Sigma-Aldrich), and ethanol (TEDIA, USA) are used. Fluorine-doped tin oxide
(FTO, sheet resistance 12–14 Ω cm–2)-coated glass substrates were procured from Sigma-Aldrich. The water
used for the experiments is Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ cm–2). All of the chemicals reagents used during the synthesis of dyeD1 are mentioned in the synthetic protocol.
used in the synthetic procedure and device fabrication were of analytical
grade and used without further purification. Zinc chloride (Merck),
ethyl cellulose (Himedia), 4-tert-butylpyridine (Himedia),
chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (Sigma-Aldrich), ammonium hydroxide
(Merck), iodine (Merck), lithium iodide (Sigma-Aldrich), acetonitrile
(HPLC grade, Merck), dichloromethane (DCM, Merck), valeronitrile (Sigma-Aldrich),
terpineol (Himedia), hydrogen chloride (Merck), 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium
iodide (Sigma-Aldrich), and ethanol (TEDIA, USA) are used. Fluorine-doped tin oxide
(FTO, sheet resistance 12–14 Ω cm–2)-coated glass substrates were procured from Sigma-Aldrich. The water
used for the experiments is Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ cm–2). All of the chemicals reagents used during the synthesis of dye
8
Synthesis of Graphite-based Composites
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Graphite powder was purchased from Ashbury Graphite Mills Inc. (code no. 3061). Common chemicals such as iron (III) chloride (FeCl3, 98%), potassium permanganate (KMnO4, 99%), sodium p-toluenesulfonate (NapTS, 70%), sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 95–98%), phosphoric acid (H3PO4, 85%), ethyl alcohol (C2H6O), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%), hydrogen chloride (HCl, 37%), potassium chloride (KCl), cadmium acetate dihydrate (CH3COO2Cd.2H2O, 97%), and thiourea (NH2CSNH2, 96%) were procured from Merck. Triethanolamine (TEA) was obtained from Sigma Chemical, Co. N-butylamine (CH3(CH2)3NH2) and pyrrole monomer (99%) were purchased from Acros Organics. pyrrole monomer was stored at 0 °C and distilled prior to use. Conductive filament was purchased from Black Magic. Double distilled water was used throughout the experiments.
9
Synthesis of Nitro-Aromatic Compounds
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Nitrobenzene (99.5%), propionic acid (99.5%), 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (99%), pyrrole (97%), benzaldehyde, methanol (98%), dichloromethane (99.8%), tin(ii ) chloride (99.5%), acetic acid (96%), hydrogen chloride (32%), chloroform, sodium hydroxide, and xylene were supplied from Merck meanwhile polyethylene (UHMWPE) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All substrates were commercially available high-grade chemicals and were used as supplied, with the exception of pyrrole, which was distilled before utilization.
10
Antioxidant and Polyphenol Extraction
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During sample preparation of antioxidant and polyphenol determination, 10 g of each sample (fermented mash and pomace) into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask and diluted with 15 mL of high-purity water (ZeneerPower 1, Human Corporations, Korea), 35 mL methanol and 0.05 mL hydrogen chloride (Merck) was measured, then stored for 1 h on a rotary shaker (Elphan 358S, Bohemia) for extraction at room temperature (24 °C). After storing, the samples were centrifuged at 3500 g for 20 min. Measurements were then continued with the centrifuged supernatant. In the case of wine, centrifugation without extraction was the sample preparation method.
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