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2 protocols using antimycine

1

Mitochondrial Respiratory Function in Rats

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Synthetic THC (25 mg/mL in ethanol), mitochondrial complexes substrates and/or inhibitors such as glutamate, malate, amytal, ADP, succinate, ascorbate, antimycine, and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediaminedihydrochloride (tmpd) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich, France. THC was successively diluted in ethanol as needed and Amplex Red and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were acquired by Invitrogen. All other chemicals used were of the highest grade commercially available.
Ten male Wistar rats (weight 438 to 500 grams; age 13 weeks) were housed in a neutral temperature environment (22°  ± 2°C), on a 12 : 12 hours photoperiod, and were provided food and water ad libitum. This investigation was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki accords for human treatment of animals during experimentation. Rats were submitted to general anesthesia with 3% isoflurane and oxygen (2 L/min) in an induction chamber (Minerve, Esternay, France) and were then decapitated. Brains were excised and cleaned and then immediately used for the study of respiratory parameters.
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2

Mitochondrial Respiration Measurement

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Mitochondrial respiratory activity was determined by measuring cellular O 2 consumption using high-resolution respirometry with the Oxygraph O2K system (Oroboros, Innsbruck, Austria) based on a Clark-electrode, as described previously (16) . The measurement chambers were filled with Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo), maintained at 37°C and allowed to equilibrate O 2 concentration with the surrounding air. 10 × 10 6 intact cells were added to each measurement chamber, and routine respiration (basal O 2 consumption rate) was recorded. Leak respiration independent of ATP production was determined by adding oligomycin (2.5 μM, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo). The stepwise addition of the uncoupler FCCP (Carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl hydrazone, 0.25 μM, Sigma-Aldrich) until no further increase in O 2 consumption was detectable reflects the maximum respiration or electron transport system (ETS) capacity. Rotenone (0.5 μM, Sigma-Aldrich) inhibits complex I, while antimycine (2.5 μM, Sigma-Aldrich) inhibits complex III, which allowed measuring residual O 2 consumption.
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