were assembled in an argon-filled glovebox. The prepared sample and
lithium foil (Alfa Aesar) were used as the working and counter/reference
electrodes, respectively. The typical mass loading of the active material
was approximately 1.0 mg cm–2. The electrolyte was
prepared by dissolving 1 M LiTFSI in cosolvents of 1,3-dioxolane (anhydrous,
contains ∼75 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene as an inhibitor,
99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (anhydrous, 99.5%, Sigma-Aldrich)
at a volume ratio of 1:1. Before preparing the electrolyte, the solvents
were placed in molecular sieves for 24 h to remove moisture. Polypropylene
membranes (Celgard Inc.) were used as separators. Galvanostatic measurements
were performed in the potential range of 1.0–3.0 V vs Li/Li+ using a battery cycler (WonATech WBS3000). For the rate capability
tests, the charge rate was fixed at 0.5 C in the constant-current
mode, and the discharge rate was varied from 0.5 to 10 C (1 C = 1675
mA g–1). CV measurements were obtained in the potential
range of 1.0–3.0 V vs Li/Li+ at a scan rate of 0.1
mV s–1 using a multichannel battery tester (Biologic
VMP3). All electrochemical measurements were conducted at 25 °C.