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Espion e2 erg system

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The Espion E2 ERG system is a diagnostic tool used for electroretinography (ERG) testing. ERG is a technique that measures the electrical response of the retina to light stimulation, which can be used to evaluate retinal function. The Espion E2 system provides the necessary hardware and software to perform these measurements.

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Espion system (43 citations) Espion E2 system (38 citations) Espion E2 (19 citations) Espion (14 citations) E2 system (5 citations) Espion ERG system (2 citations)

10 protocols using espion e2 erg system

1

Electroretinography in Dark- and Light-Adapted Mice

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Mice were dark-adapted for 2 hours and then anesthetized, followed by pupil dilation. Mice were placed on a 37°C heated pad and contact lenses were positioned on the cornea of both eyes. A reference electrode connected to a splitter was inserted into the forehead and a ground electrode was inserted in the tail. For scotopic conditions electroretinograms were recorded (Espion E2 ERG system; Diagnosys LLC, Littleton, MA) in response to six light flash intensities ranging from −3 to 1 log cd × s/m2 on a dark background. Each stimulus was presented in series of three. For photopic ERGs the animal was exposed to a rod saturating background for 5 minutes. Stimuli ranging from −0.9 to 1.4 log cd × s/m2 were presented 20 times on a lighted background. Stimulus intensity and timing were computer controlled. Data were analyzed with MatLab (v7.7; Mathworks, Natick, MA). ERG amplitudes were compared using a one-way ANOVA with posthoc Tukey’s multiple comparison on Graphpad Prism Software.
Byrne L.C., Öztürk B.E., Lee T., Fortuny C., Visel M., Dalkara D., Schaffer D.V, & Flannery J.G. (2014). Retinoschisin gene therapy in photoreceptors, Müller glia, or all retinal cells in the Rs1h−/− mouse. Gene therapy, 21(6), 585-592.
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2

Scotopic Threshold ERG Recordings in Mice

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Scotopic threshold electroretinogram (ERG) recordings were obtained using the Espion E2 ERG system (Diagnosys LLC, Lowell, MA) as we described previously [25 (link)]. Mice were presented with different flashes of increasing intensity (0.0025, 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, 25 cd s m2), each repeated five times, with an inter-stimulus interval ranging from 20 s for dim flashes to 1 min for the brightest flashes. Three to five ERG traces at each flash luminance were averaged to measure b-wave amplitude.
Jha K.A., Pentecost M., Lenin R., Gentry J., Klaic L., Del Mar N., Reiner A., Yang C.H., Pfeffer L.M., Sohl N, & Gangaraju R. (2019). TSG-6 in conditioned media from adipose mesenchymal stem cells protects against visual deficits in mild traumatic brain injury model through neurovascular modulation. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 10, 318.
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3

Scotopic Threshold ERG in Diabetic Mice

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Following 4 weeks of diabetes, control and diabetic mice were dark adapted overnight and prepared for ERG recording under dim red light. Scotopic threshold ERG recordings were obtained using the Espion E2 ERG system (Diagnosys LLC, Lowell, MA). Animals were anesthetized with ketamine/ dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (0.5 mg/kg & 0.025 mg/kg SC respectively). Body temperatures of the mice were regulated with a heating pad at 37°C during recordings. Tropicamide (0.3%) was used to dilate eyes and 2.5% sterile hypromellose ophthalmic demulcent solution (AKORN) was applied. Electrodes were placed on the cornea of both eyes; the reference electrode was positioned in between the eyes and a ground electrode in the tail. Mice were presented with a different flash of increasing intensity (0.0025, 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, 25 cd.s.m2), each repeated five times, with an inter-stimulus interval ranging from 20 s for dim flashes to 1 min for the brightest flashes. Three to five ERG traces at each flash luminance were averaged to measure b-wave amplitude.
Lenin R., Nagy P.G., Alli S., Rao V.R., Clauss M.A., Kompella U.B, & Gangaraju R. (2018). Critical role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in chronic endothelial activation induced visual deficits in tie2-TNF mice. Journal of cellular biochemistry, 119(10), 8460-8471.
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4

Scotopic and Photopic Electroretinography Measurements

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Electroretinography was performed under scotopic and photopic conditions at P26 and P60. ERGs were obtained using an Espion E2 ERG system (Diagnosys). Multiple white-light flash intensity series were performed, with light intensity increasing in 10 steps (from 0.000001 to 75.20 cd.s/m2) for scotopic examination and 6 steps (from 0.1 to 75.20 cd.s/m2) for photopic conditions. The a-wave was defined as the maximal negative amplitude after the onset of light exposure. Measurements for b-wave amplitude were taken from the trough of the a-wave to the peak of the b-wave.
Villacampa P., Menger K.E., Abelleira L., Ribeiro J., Duran Y., Smith A.J., Ali R.R., Luhmann U.F, & Bainbridge J.W. (2017). Accelerated oxygen-induced retinopathy is a reliable model of ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization. PLoS ONE, 12(6), e0179759.
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5

Electroretinography in Dark- and Light-Adapted Mice

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Mice were dark-adapted for 2 hours and then anesthetized, followed by pupil dilation. Mice were placed on a 37°C heated pad and contact lenses were positioned on the cornea of both eyes. A reference electrode connected to a splitter was inserted into the forehead and a ground electrode was inserted in the tail. For scotopic conditions electroretinograms were recorded (Espion E2 ERG system; Diagnosys LLC, Littleton, MA) in response to six light flash intensities ranging from −3 to 1 log cd × s/m2 on a dark background. Each stimulus was presented in series of three. For photopic ERGs the animal was exposed to a rod saturating background for 5 minutes. Stimuli ranging from −0.9 to 1.4 log cd × s/m2 were presented 20 times on a lighted background. Stimulus intensity and timing were computer controlled. Data were analyzed with MatLab (v7.7; Mathworks, Natick, MA). ERG amplitudes were compared using a one-way ANOVA with posthoc Tukey’s multiple comparison on Graphpad Prism Software.
Byrne L.C., Öztürk B.E., Lee T., Fortuny C., Visel M., Dalkara D., Schaffer D.V, & Flannery J.G. (2014). Retinoschisin gene therapy in photoreceptors, Müller glia, or all retinal cells in the Rs1h−/− mouse. Gene therapy, 21(6), 585-592.
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6

Evaluating Intravitreal DAID Effects

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Full-field ERGs were recorded using Espion E2 ERG system (Diagnosys LLC., Lowell, MA, USA), as described previously56 (link) in two protocols: (1) 10-ms flashes of increasing light intensities under scotopic and photopic conditions and (2) 2-Hz flicker ERG under photopic conditions. BN rats received an intravitreal injection of DAID (2.0 μg/eye, 5 μl/eye of 0.4 mg/ml in BN rat serum) or an equal amount of BN rat serum. At various intervals after injection, a- and b-wave amplitudes were measured.
Wang B., Li P.K., Ma J.X, & Chen D. (2018). Therapeutic Effects of a Novel Phenylphthalimide Analog for Corneal Neovascularization and Retinal Vascular Leakage. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 59(8), 3630-3642.
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7

Scotopic and Photopic Flash ERG

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Both scotopic and photopic flash ERGs were recorded with Diagnosys Espion E2 ERG system (Diagnosys LLC, Lowell, MA) as previously described [22 (link)]. Detailed procedure is described in SI Methods.
Harrak H., Chamberland H., Plante M., Bellemare G., Lafontaine J.G, & Tabaeizadeh Z. (1999). A Proline-, Threonine-, and Glycine-Rich Protein Down-Regulated by Drought Is Localized in the Cell Wall of Xylem Elements. Plant Physiology, 121(2), 557-564.
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8

Retinal Function Assessment via Dark-Adapted Flash ERG

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To assess retinal function, dark-adapted flash ERG (Diagnosys Espion E2 ERG system, Diagnosys LLC, Lowell, MA) scotopic intensity response series was performed in anesthetized mice before and after intravitreal injections. ERG was performed on each mouse sequentially beginning with the lowest excitation with gradually increasing intensity (0.0025, 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, and 25 cd.s.m2). Each light intensity was repeated four to five times, with an inter-stimulus interval ranging from 20 s for dim flashes to 1 min for the brightest flashes. Three to five ERG traces at each flash luminance were averaged, and the amplitude of the a-wave was measured from the pre-stimulus baseline to the a-wave trough while b-wave was measured from a-wave trough to the peak of the first visible b-wave.
Elshaer S.L., Evans W., Pentecost M., Lenin R., Periasamy R., Jha K.A., Alli S., Gentry J., Thomas S.M., Sohl N, & Gangaraju R. (2018). Adipose stem cells and their paracrine factors are therapeutic for early retinal complications of diabetes in the Ins2Akita mouse. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 9, 322.
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9

Electroretinography of Mice: Scotopic and Photopic ERG

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Flash ERGs were recorded for both eyes with the Diagnosys Espion E2 ERG system (Diagnosys LLC, Lowell, MA) following previously-published protocols22 (link),23 (link),30 (link). For the assessment of rod photoreceptor function (scotopic ERG), five strobe flash stimuli were presented at flash intensities of 0.0004, 0.04, 4, 400, and 2000 candela (cd)·s/m2. The amplitude of the A-wave was measured from the pre-stimulus baseline to the A-wave trough. Scotopic B-wave response was measured for secondary neurons. The amplitude of the B-wave was measured from the trough of the A-wave to the peak of the B-wave. For the evaluation of cone photoreceptor function (photopic ERG), a strobe flash stimulus (2000 cd·s/m2) was presented to dilated, light-adapted (5 minutes at 100 cd·s/m2) mice at 3 and 6 months of age. Cone functional analysis used various flash intensities and frequencies (Photopic 2000, Green, Blue, 3 Hz, 10 Hz, 20 Hz, 30 Hz), under a steady adapting field of 1.7 log cd.s/m2. The amplitude of the cone B-wave was measured from the trough of the A-wave to the peak of the B-wave. Functional characterization was recorded for WT and Sphk2 KO mice at 3 and 6 months of age and seven days after light-induced retinal damage with or without injections of FTY720 or vehicle.
Qi H., Cole J I.I., Grambergs R.C., Gillenwater J.R., Mondal K., Khanam S., Dutta S., Stiles M., Proia R.L., Allegood J, & Mandal N. (2019). Sphingosine Kinase 2 Phosphorylation of FTY720 is Unnecessary for Prevention of Light-Induced Retinal Damage. Scientific Reports, 9, 7771.
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10

Scotopic and Photopic ERG Responses

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Scotopic and photopic ERG responses were recorded with a Diagnosys Espion E2 ERG system (Diagnosys, LLC, Lowell, MA, USA), which is provided by the OHUSC Vision Research Core (30 (link)). Mice were dark-adapted overnight, anesthetized with ketamine/dexmedetomidine, and their pupils were dilated with Tropicamide ophthalmic drops. The ground needle electrode and the reference electrode were placed in the tail and subdermally between the eyes of the animal, respectively. After applying one small drop of Gonak™ on each eye, gold wire electrodes were placed on the cornea. Scotopic ERG responses were evoked by flashing light with intensity of 0.0002, 0.002, 0.02, 2, 20, 200, 400 cd s/m2. A- and b-wave amplitudes were recorded in the Espion software. The animal was then light-adapted for 10 minutes with a background light intensity of 20 cd s/m2 (31 ). Photopic ERGs were recorded with pulse intensity of 5, 10 and 20 cd s/m2.
Go Y.M., Zhang J., Fernandes J., Litwin C., Chen R., Wensel T.G., Jones D.P., Cai J, & Chen Y. (2020). MTOR-initiated Metabolic Switch and Degeneration in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 34(9), 12502-12520.
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