High-resolution multi-detector CT scanning was performed on all temporal bone specimens on a 64-slice multidetector CT scanner (Discovery 750 HD; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin), using standard clinical parameters, including 0.6-mm collimation, 0.625-mm thickness with 0.312 mm overlap, at 240 mA and 120 kV (peak). Scan matrix was 512×512; the FOV varied depending on specimen size, ranging from 55×55 mm2 to 84×84 mm2. Scanner pitch was 0.531:1, speed 10.62 mm/rotation, rotation time 0.5 seconds, exposure time 6–10 seconds depending on specimen size, and CTDIvol approximately 65 mGy. The CT images were reformatted to the exact plane of the selected histologic slide using the Synapse multiplanar reformation (MPR) tool on the radiology picture archiving and communication system (PACS) viewer (Synapse, Fujifilm, Japan), and a single image that best matched the histologic slide was selected. Two radiologists (one with 4 years of general radiology experience and 1 year of neuroradiology experience; one with 8 years of head and neck radiology experience), who were blinded to the pathology results, independently measured the CT density values in Hounsfield Units on the selected CT image at all 9 ROIs and both reference regions (Figure 3 ). Measurements were performed on the Synapse viewer.
Synapse
Manufactured by Fujifilm
Sourced in Japan, United States
Synapse is a product line of laboratory equipment manufactured by Fujifilm. It is designed to provide reliable and efficient solutions for various laboratory applications. The core function of Synapse is to facilitate the processing and management of data and information in a laboratory setting, enabling researchers and technicians to streamline their workflows and enhance productivity.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Discovery ct750 hd, by GE Healthcare (3 mentions)
Revolution ct, by GE Healthcare (3 mentions)
Lightspeed vct, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Discovery hd 750, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Synapse vincent software, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Analyze 11, by AnalyzeDirect (1 mentions)
Qdr4500 system, by Hologic (1 mentions)
Aquarius intuition, by TeraRecon (1 mentions)
Somatom definition flash, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Care dose 4d, by Siemens (1 mentions)
45 protocols using synapse
1
High-resolution CT Imaging of Temporal Bone
2
Evaluating Limb Alignment and Length Discrepancy
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The lower limb alignment and leg length difference were recorded prior to the operation and after osteotomy site healing. The lower limb alignment was assessed via the mechanical axis deviation (MAD) and mechanical femorotibial axis (mFTA). The tibial alignment was evaluated by the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA). Finally, the femoral alignment was assessed via the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA).
The lower limb length was recorded from the top of the femoral head to the center of the ipsilateral ankle joint on the anteroposterior standing whole-leg radiograph. The difference in the bilateral lower limb lengths was the leg length discrepancy (LLD). All measurements were conducted on the picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) (Synapse, Fujifilm Inc., Tokyo Japan). These measurements were carried out by 2 observers, who did not participate in the operation. After 3 weeks, the measurements were performed again by a single observer. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was applied to determine the reliability of all measurements. The ICC values were characterized as follows: poor agreement (< 0.40), fair to good agreement (0.40–0.75), and excellent agreement beyond chance (> 0.75).
The lower limb length was recorded from the top of the femoral head to the center of the ipsilateral ankle joint on the anteroposterior standing whole-leg radiograph. The difference in the bilateral lower limb lengths was the leg length discrepancy (LLD). All measurements were conducted on the picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) (Synapse, Fujifilm Inc., Tokyo Japan). These measurements were carried out by 2 observers, who did not participate in the operation. After 3 weeks, the measurements were performed again by a single observer. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was applied to determine the reliability of all measurements. The ICC values were characterized as follows: poor agreement (< 0.40), fair to good agreement (0.40–0.75), and excellent agreement beyond chance (> 0.75).
3
Femoral and Tibial Width Measurements
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Measurements of distal femoral condylar width (DFW), FAW, TAW and LPW were performed as previously described using picture archiving and communication systems software (Synapse, Fujifilm, Stamford, CT and SECTRA, Selton, CT) (Fig. 1 ) [2 (link)]. A single reviewer at each institution performed the measurements with the exception of cases reviewed for inter-rater reliability. Positive LPW values indicated that the proximal lateral tibia was more lateral than the femur, and negative values indicated that the lateral femoral condyle was more lateral than the tibial plateau.
4
Radiographic Assessment of Cervical Spine
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Radiographic parameters were evaluated using preoperative and postoperative cervical plain radiographs. Each parameter was defined as follows: C2-C7 lordotic angle, the lordotic angle between the tangent lines of the lower endplates of C2 and lower endplates of the C7 vertebral body; ROM, defined as the difference in C2-C7 lordotic angles between the maximum flexion and extension positions [39 (link)]; ADI, the horizontal distance between the anterior arch of the atlas and the dens of the axis, and ADI was evaluated using weight-bearing radiographs at neutral, flexion, and extension positions and preoperative CT image at neutral position; and ⊿ADI, the differences in ADI on weight-bearing radiographs between flexion and extension positions. Observers reviewed the images and measured the parameters using computer software (Synapse; Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan). The bone union of the gutter was evaluated using the CT scan taken within 12 months postoperatively, and the signal change of the spinal cord was evaluated using T2-weighted images of preoperative and postoperative MRI [40 (link)].
5
Pulmonary Artery Thrombi Evaluation
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Images were evaluated using a picture archiving and communication system (Synapse, Fujifilm, Japan). Image evaluation was performed twice using images obtained before treatment and at the most recent examination after treatment. The location of the thrombi from the bilateral main pulmonary arteries to the subsegmental pulmonary arteries during pre-treatment CTPA was recorded. The patency of the pulmonary artery was also evaluated, and thrombi were classified into occlusive or non-occlusive. A non-occlusive thrombus was defined as the presence of contrast lumen around the thrombus. An occlusive thrombus was defined as the absence of contrast lumen around the thrombus. We also recorded whether the thrombi detected on pre-treatment CTPA remained in post-treatment CTPA. Image evaluations were performed independently by two radiologists (#1: 10 years of cardiovascular imaging experience; #2: 5 years of cardiovascular imaging experience). If there were disagreements between the radiologists, a final decision was reached by consensus.
6
Characterization of Cavitary Lung Lesions
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Between 7/2004 and 6/2007, 248 patients underwent FDG PET/CT for characterization of solitary pulmonary nodules or staging of lung cancer at our institution. The CT images of the PET/CT studies were screened for the presence of cavitary lung lesions using the imaging archiving system SYNAPSE (Fujifilm Medical Systems, USA). Forty-six of 248 patients were found to have cavitary lung nodules. Of the remaining 202 patients without cavity, 40 patients with biopsy proven NSCLC were randomly selected for comparison. The sample tool embedded in Microsoft Excel 2003 was used for this random selection. Institutional Review Board of our institution approved this study and waived the informed consent. The deceased status was determined as of March 1, 2011, by a review of patients’ charts and the Social Security Death Index.[16 ]
7
Quantifying Patellofemoral Cartilage Contact
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Using digital data supplied by the institutional PACS (GE Healthcare Centricity™ & Fujifilm Synapse™) the operator manually identified boundaries of cartilage contact between the patella and femur on both sides of the trochlear sulcus on the axial view. These measurements were recorded as linear distances. Each slice is 5mm wide and the surface area of each slice was calculated by multiplying the length by 5mm. Each slice surface is then summed to reach a measure of the surface area in contact between the articulating surfaces to give a measure of congruency in each measurement condition. This was recorded on a "flattened" 2D coronal plane image for visual interpretation of contact area (Figure 4).
8
Qualitative Evaluation of Carotid MRA
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To evaluate image quality of the different sequences, we performed qualitative image analysis on a PACS viewer (SYNAPSE; Fujifilm Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Available images included axial source images and maximum intensity projection images. Images acquired with the 2 MRA methods were randomized. Two board-certified radiologists with 6 and 14 years of MRI experience, respectively, who were blinded to the acquisition parameters and techniques, independently graded image contrast, vessel sharpness (apparent flow-related dephasing), and overall image quality using a 4-point subjective scale: image contrast and overall image quality (1 = unacceptable, 2 = poorer than average, 3 = good, 4 = excellent), image sharpness (1 = blurry, 2 = poorer than average, 3 = better than average, 4 = sharpest). Inter-observer disagreement was settled by consensus. For qualitative analysis, a total of 60 carotid arteries were evaluated (30 patients, left and right). The radiologists were able to adjust window level and width during the qualitative assessment. The number of arteries with inappropriate image quality (score = 1 or 2) was recorded for each assessment parameter.
9
Qualitative Evaluation of Carotid MRA
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To evaluate image quality of the different sequences, we performed qualitative image analysis on a PACS viewer (SYNAPSE; Fujifilm Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Available images included axial source images and maximum intensity projection images. Images acquired with the 2 MRA methods were randomized. Two board-certified radiologists with 6 and 14 years of MRI experience, respectively, who were blinded to the acquisition parameters and techniques, independently graded image contrast, vessel sharpness (apparent flow-related dephasing), and overall image quality using a 4-point subjective scale: image contrast and overall image quality (1 = unacceptable, 2 = poorer than average, 3 = good, 4 = excellent), image sharpness (1 = blurry, 2 = poorer than average, 3 = better than average, 4 = sharpest). Inter-observer disagreement was settled by consensus. For qualitative analysis, a total of 60 carotid arteries were evaluated (30 patients, left and right). The radiologists were able to adjust window level and width during the qualitative assessment. The number of arteries with inappropriate image quality (score = 1 or 2) was recorded for each assessment parameter.
10
Renal Mass MRI Using VIBE and GRASP
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