Phosphate buffer

Distilled water (DW), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EA), standard antifungals (amphotericin B and terbinafine), nutrient agar, and HPLC-grade polyphenols (vanillic acid, rutin, plumbagin, thymoquinone, gallic acid, catechin, syringic acid, coumaric acid, emodin, gentisic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, luteolin, apigenin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), ascorbic acid, sulfuric acid, gallic acid, potassium acetate, quercetin, ammonium molybdate, aluminum chloride, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), potassium ferricyanide, and ferric chloride were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, United States. Phosphate buffer and Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) reagent were procured from Riedel-de Haen, Germany. Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) was purchased from Oxoid, England, Tween-80 from Merck-Schuchardt, United States, and RPMI-1640 was obtained from United traders, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

PhosPhate buffer was acquired from Riedel-de Haen, Seelze, Germany while Sabouraud dextrose agar from Oxoid, England. Ferric chloride, Potassium ferricyanide, Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), Tryptone soy broth, Surfactin, Doxorubicin, Ascorbic acid, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Nutrient agar, Sea salt, Standard antifungals (clotrimazole and amphotericin B) and Standard antibiotics (cefixime and roxithromycin) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA. Dried instant yeast was acquired from Fermipan BDH, Poole, England and Medium ISP4 was formulated in laboratory. Brine shrimp “Artemia salina” eggs were acquired from Ocean star Int., Coral springs, FL, USA and Tween-20 from Merck-Schuchardt, USA. Microplate reader was purchased from Biotech, Minneapolis, MN, USA, microplate reader Elx 800 while Eppendorf tubes were acquired from Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA. Bacterial and fungal strains were acquired from (Microbiologics, Saint Cloud, MN, USA). Eppendorf tubes were taken from Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.