N octane

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

N-octane is a straight-chain alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C8H18. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic petroleum-like odor. N-octane is commonly used as a reference fuel in testing and calibrating various types of laboratory equipment and instruments.

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34 protocols using n octane

Density and Porosity Quantification of Nanohybrids

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A Mettler AX205 (Mettler Toledo Inc., Columbus, OH, USA) balance, equipped with a Mettler ME 33360 density accessory kit was used to determine the density and porosity of dry samples and analogous series previously equilibrated in water. N-octane (Sigma Aldrich, 98% purity, N-octane= 0.703 gcm -3 ), which does not swell the nanohybrids, was used to make these quantifications. Three replicates per composition and conditioning were measured. The samples were weighed in air, m, after injection of noctane in their pores with the help of vacuum, mi, and finally with their pores previously filled and the scaffold immersed in the liquid, ml. The density, ρ, was calculated as the mass of the sample in air divided by the volume occupied by the nanohybrid, V, obtained by substracting the pores volume, Vpores, from the apparent volume (geometrical volume of the sample), Vap:
The porosity, π, was next obtained as the pores volume fraction:

Arnal-Pastor M., Tallà Ferrer C., Herrero Herrero M., Martínez-Gómez Aldaraví A., Monleón Pradas M, & Vallés-Lluch A. (2016). Scaffolds based on hyaluronan and carbon nanotubes gels. Journal of biomaterials applications, 31(4).

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Hydrogenolysis of Phenol on Palladium Catalysts

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Prior to the
HDO reactions, catalysts were pelletized at 2.5 metric tons, crushed,
and sieved to 500/600 mesh. An amount of the pelletized catalyst was
added to a 45 mL steel autoclave, along with 5 mL of n-octane (Aldrich, 99%), 3 mmol phenol (Aldrich, 99.5%), and decane
(internal standard, gas chromatography (GC)). The autoclaves were
purged and pressurized with H₂. The autoclave was equipped
with a mechanical stirrer, thermocoupler, and digital pressure transducer.
The autoclave was placed into a preheated heating mantle, and stirring
was initiated immediately. The mechanistic/selectivity study was conducted
with approximately 10 mg of PdMS per run. For recycling reactions,
the amount of catalyst used was determined by TPR experiments: 10.5
mg of PdMS and 15.4 mg of Pd/SBA-15. After reactions, the catalyst
was filtered and washed multiple times with acetone and dried before
the next use. The product solution was dried over sodium sulfate,
diluted in dichloromethane, and analyzed with GC and GC–MS.
Catalysts were reactivated by calcinations in air at 800 °C for
30 min. Additional information on calculating conversion, selectivity,
and ring balance can be found in the Supporting Information.

Gage S.H., Engelhardt J., Menart M.J., Ngo C., Leong G.J., Ji Y., Trewyn B.G., Pylypenko S, & Richards R.M. (2018). Palladium Intercalated into the Walls of Mesoporous Silica as Robust and Regenerable Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenolic Compounds. ACS Omega, 3(7), 7681-7691.

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Synthesis of Colloidal Quantum Dots

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Cadmium oxide (CdO, 99.998%, powder), zinc oxide (ZnO, 99.9%, powder), sulfur (S, 99.998%, powder), oleic acid (OA, 90%), 1-octanethiol (OT, 98%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), zinc acetate (Zn(OA)₂, 99.99%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99.7%), tetramethylammoniumhydroxide (TMAH, 98%), chlorobenzene (99%), magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (Mg(OAc)₂·4H₂O, 99.98%), zinc(II) acetate dihydrate (Zn(OAc)₂·2H₂O, 99.99%), paraffin oil, n-Octane (99%), ethanol (99.8%) and N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.89%) were purchased from Aldrich. Paraffin oil (analytical grade), hexanes (analytical grade), acetone (analytical grade), isopropanol (analytical grade), and methanol (analytical grade) were obtained from Beijing Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd, China. TFB was purchased from American Dye Source, Inc. All materials were used as received.

Zhang W., Li B., Chang C., Chen F., Zhang Q., Lin Q., Wang L., Yan J., Wang F., Chong Y., Du Z., Fan F, & Shen H. (2024). Stable and efficient pure blue quantum-dot LEDs enabled by inserting an anti-oxidation layer. Nature Communications, 15, 783.

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Synthesis of Fluorescent Polymer Nanoparticles

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Glycerol monomethacrylate
(GMA, 99.8% purity)
was obtained from GEO Specialty Chemicals (Hythe, UK) and was used
as received. 2-Cyano-2-propyl benzodithioate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl
methacrylate (TFEMA), 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACVA),
fluorescein O-methacrylate (FluMA), n-dodecane, n-octane, n-tetradecane,
dichloromethane, and deuterium oxide were purchased from Aldrich (UK)
and were used as received, unless otherwise stated. Ethanol and dimethylformamide
(DMF) were purchased from VWR chemicals (UK), while n-decane was purchased from Alfa Aesar (UK).

Thompson K.L., Derry M.J., Hatton F.L, & Armes S.P. (2018). Long-Term Stability of n-Alkane-in-Water Pickering Nanoemulsions: Effect of Aqueous Solubility of Droplet Phase on Ostwald Ripening. Langmuir, 34(31), 9289-9297.

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Purification of n-Alkanes for Interfacial Studies

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All n-alkanes (n-octane, n-dodecane, and n-hexadecane) with purity of ≥99% were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Prior to use, alkanes were purified several times by column chromatography using a basic alumina stationary phase.^{35,36 (link)} Control experiments measuring interfacial tension demonstrate that purification of alkanes is an essential step to keep the proper interfacial properties, whose interfacial tension can be maintained constant for long enough time, as detailed in ESI (Fig. S1†).

Li Z., Yang J., Hollingsworth J.V, & Zhao J. (2020). Lateral diffusion of single polymer molecules at interfaces between water and oil. RSC Advances, 10(28), 16565-16569.

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Pesticide Residue Analysis by n-Hexane

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n-Hexane (pesticide residue
analysis) was purchased from Fluka (Landsmeer, The Netherlands), chloroform-d, n-octane (>99%) from Sigma-Aldrich
(Zwijndrecht,
The Netherlands), and acetonitrile (99.8%) and iso-octane (+99%) from
Thermo Fisher (Geel, Belgium). The polychlorinated n-alkane mixture tetradecane with an average chlorine content of 41.3%
by weight (CP–C₁₄) was manufactured by Quimica del
Cinca (Barcelona, Spain) and kindly donated by the Chlorinated Paraffins
Industry Association (Washington DC, United States).

van Mourik L.M., Janssen E., Breeuwer R., Jonker W., Koekkoek J., Arrahman A., Kool J, & Leonards P.E. (2021). Combining High-Resolution Gas Chromatographic Continuous Fraction Collection with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Possibilities of Analyzing a Whole GC Chromatogram. Analytical Chemistry, 93(15), 6158-6168.

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Synthesis of Pluronic-Templated Halloysite Nanomaterials

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Halloysite clay obtained from Yenbai Province (Vietnam) was milled and sieved, then dried in an oven at 100 °C for 24 h, with the following chemical composition (weight %): 32.26 SiO₂; 10.67 Al₂O₃; 7.38 Fe₂O₃; 0.39 TiO₂; 2.75 CuO; 1.25 MgO; 22.70 Na₂O; and 22.60 loss on ignition (LOI). Triblock copolymer pluronic P123 (EO₂₀–PO₇₀–EO₂₀, MW = 5800) was used as a template; ammonium metavanadate (NH₄VO₃, 99%), iron(iii) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O, 99%), acetic acid (CH₃COOH, 99.7%), ethanol (C₂H₅OH, 99.7%), dibenzothiophene (C₁₂H₈S, 99%), n-octane (C₈H₁₈, 99%) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 30%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Concentrated HCl and NaOH aqueous solutions were used as the acid and base sources, respectively. All reagents were analytical grade and were used without further purification.

Nguyen M.B., Pham X.N, & Doan H.V. (2021). Heterostructure of vanadium pentoxide and mesoporous SBA-15 derived from natural halloysite for highly efficient photocatalytic oxidative desulphurisation. RSC Advances, 11(50), 31738-31745.

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3D-AFM Analysis of MoS2 in Octane-Water

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Ultrapure water was freshly obtained before the experiments (ELGA Maxima, 18.2 MΩ). A few minutes after its purification, the water’s pH was measured. It reached a value of 5.6 (Hanna Instruments HI 9024). The solutions of 200 mM KCl were prepared with KCl salt (≥99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich) dissolved in the ultrapure water.
We have performed some 3D-AFM experiments on a few-layer MoS₂ surface immersed in water mixed with n-octane (≥99%, Sigma-Aldrich) at a concentration of c_n-octane = 0.7 mL: 1 L. The above concentration corresponds to the solubility limit of octane in water (Supplementary Fig. 9).

Uhlig M.R., Martin-Jimenez D, & Garcia R. (2019). Atomic-scale mapping of hydrophobic layers on graphene and few-layer MoS2 and WSe2 in water. Nature Communications, 10, 2606.

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Preparation of Cr(CO)6 in n-Octane

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Cr(CO)₆ was prepared in n-octane (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich) at concentrations
of 7 mM for the time-resolved transient optical and 20 mM for the
X-ray absorption measurements. To achieve the concentration of the
X-ray absorption measurements, the sample was stirred and put into
a sonication bath for up to ∼1 h.

Jay R.M., Coates M.R., Zhao H., Winghart M.O., Han P., Wang R.P., Harich J., Banerjee A., Wikmark H., Fondell M., Nibbering E.T., Odelius M., Huse N, & Wernet P. (2024). Photochemical Formation and Electronic Structure of an Alkane σ-Complex from Time-Resolved Optical and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 146(20), 14000-14011.

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Microplastic Characterization and Solvent Extraction

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DBT and BbN12T (purity = 99%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). BbN23T (purity > 99%) and BbN12T (purity > 99%) were acquired from the European Commission (Brussels, Belgium). C45T and DiN1212T were both obtained from the National Institute Standards and Technology (NIST) (Gaithersburg, MD, USA) and used as-received. The molecular structures for these compounds are presented in Figure S4.
Nylon 11 and Nylon 6–12 were obtained from Sigma Aldrich as pellets, with particle sizes of 3 mm and 2 mm, respectively. The molecular structures for these compounds are shown in Supplemantal Information Figure S5. Physicochemical properties for both nylons are displayed in Table S4 [22 ,23 ,24 (link)]. The averaged dimensions of the microplastic pellets used are shown in Table S5.
HPLC-grade n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane and methanol were acquired from Sigma Aldrich. HPLC-grade heptanol was purchased from Acros Organic (Geel, Belgium). HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN) was obtained from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). Nanopure water obtained from a Barnstead Nanopure Infinity (Dubuque, IA, USA) water system was used throughout all the experiments. Waters (Milford, MA, USA) Sep-Pak Plus C-18 cartridges were used on a vacuum manifold.

Nauth S.D, & Campiglia A.D. (2024). Sorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Sulfur Heterocycles (PASH) on Nylon Microplastics at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations. Molecules, 29(7), 1653.

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