Pentafluorophenol

All chemicals were used as supplied unless otherwise stated. Acetone, dichloromethane, toluene, methanol, diethyl ether were purchased from Fischer Scientific at laboratory grade. Dodecane thiol (≥98%), potassium phosphate tribasic (≥98%), carbon disulfide (99%), N-hydroxethyl acrylamide (97%), 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) (98%), mesitylene (reagent grade), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (≥98%) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 2-Bromo-2-methylpropionic acid (98%), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (99%), pentafluorophenol (99%), triethylamine (99%) were purchased from Acros. Microtitre plates were purchased from Greiner Bio-one. 10 mmol HEPES buffer containing 0.05 M NaCl, 0.1 mM CaCl₂ and 0.01 mM MnCl₂ (pH 7.5, HEPES) was prepared in 200 mL of milliQ water (with a resistance > 19 mOhms). 60 nm gold nanoparticles were obtained from BBI solutions. Concanavalin A and soybean agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin-120 were purchased from Vector Labs.

Toluene and dichloromethane (DCM) were distilled under normal pressure over calcium hydride under nitrogen before use. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was distilled under normal pressure from sodium benzophenone ketyl under nitrogen immediately prior to use. Triethylamine (Et₃N) was distilled and dried over potassium hydroxide. Other solvents, including N,N-dimethyl- formamide (DMF), chloroform (CHCl₃), methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and petroleum ether (PE, b. p. 60–90 °C) were purchased from Sinopharm Co. Ltd (Hangzhou, China). They were of analytical grade and directly used as received without further purification. WCl₆, Ph₄Sn, CuI, PPh₃ and [PdCl₂⋅(PPh₃)₂] were bought from Aldrich (Shanghai, China). N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), p-toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate (TsOH), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP), phenylacetylene, pyrene-methylamine, and pentafluorophenol were purchased from Acros (Shanghai, Chnia). Methyl 6-(4-iodo-phenoxy)hexanoate was obtained accroding to the procedures reported elsewhere [37 (link)].