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10 protocols using gelatin

1

Evaluation of Crude Oil Bioremediation

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The chemicals such as silver nitrate, gelatin, and Bushnell Haas Broth were obtained from Hi-media (Mumbai, India) and used as received. Dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide], fetal bovine serum (FBS), dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), streptomycin, penicillin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Vero cell line (African green monkey kidney normal cell line) was obtained from National Center for Cell Sciences (NCCS), Pune, India. The crude oil sample was collected from India’s Oil and natural gas corporation (ONGC) in Karaikal, India (Parthipan et al., 2017 ).
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2

Extraction and Characterization of Keratin

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All the chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade and utmost available purity. Keratin azure was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, India while casein and gelatin were purchased from HiMedia, India. Chicken feathers were obtained from a local chicken slaughterhouse, extensively washed with warm water and mild detergents to remove blood, dirt, and other impurities followed by sun-drying for 4–5 days; and then were stored at room temperature, for further use.
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3

Endothelial Cell Culture and Analysis

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Cell culture products like HiEndo XL Endothelial Cell expansion medium, EnVzyme, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and antibiotic-antimycotic solution, Gelatin were purchased from Hi-media laboratories (Mumbai, India). iScript cDNA synthesis kit (1708891) and iTaq Universal SYBR Green SMX 100 (1725122) master mix were procured from BioRad (CA, USA). TRIzol was procured from Invitrogen (CA, USA). Antibodies Clock (PA1-520), β-actin (PA1-183), secondary anti-rabbit (32460) and ActinRed 555 Ready Probes reagent (R37112) were procured from Invitrogen (USA) and SIRT1 (SC-74465) and secondary anti-mouse m-IgGk (SC-516102) were purchased from Santa Cruz (Dallas, USA). miRNeasy kit (217004) and miRScript II RT kit (218161) were procured from Qiagen. RNA-later stabilizing solution was purchased from Ambion Inc. (USA). Haematoxylin, eosin and were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sisco research laboratory pvt. ltd. (Mumbai, India).
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4

Phage Lyophilization Excipient Selection

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Glucose, Sucrose, Mannitol, Gelatin, Sorbitol, Sodium chloride, Tris hydrochloride and MgSO4.7H2O were purchased from HiMedia Laboratories (chemicals), India. Polyethylene glycol MW6000 (PEG 6000) was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich chemicals. All the chemicals chosen as an excipient for phage lyophilization were previously been proven to maintain the protein viability. All the other chemicals and solvents were obtained at analytic grade from HiMedia Laboratories, India.
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5

Bacterial Culture and Plaque Assay Protocol

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Luria–Bertani broth (LBB) (tryptone 10 g/L, yeast extract 5 g/L, and sodium chloride 10 g/L pH 7.2) (HiMedia, Mumbai, India) was used in all the protocols in the current study [31 (link),62 (link)]. Bacterial dilutions from 18 h LBB cultures grown at 37 °C were carried out in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK).
The plaque assay was carried out using soft layer agar [23 (link),25 (link)], which was made up of LBB in Lambda buffer (6 mmol/L tris pH 7.2; 10 mmol/L Mg(SO4)2·7H2O; 50 mg/L gelatin (HiMedia), and supplemented with 4 g/L agar (HiMedia).
Mueller–Hinton agar (Mast group, Bootle, UK), tryptone soyabean agar (HiMedia), Luria–Bertani agar (HiMedia), and nutrient agar (HiMedia), were used to determine plaque morphology [25 (link),62 (link)].
Ec_MI-02 was maintained and diluted in Lambda buffer and stored at 4°C in all the experiments described below [23 (link),31 (link)].
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6

Biopolymer-based Composite Hydrogel

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Chitosan (medium molecular weight ~1,90,000–3,10,000 daltons, <200 mPa.s in viscosity, deacetylation degree ≥75%), gelatin (50,000–1,00,000 daltons in molecular weight and 5.10–5.80 mPa.s in viscosity), sodium alginate (216.12 g/mol in molecular weight), urea, calcium chloride (CaCl2), acetic acid glacial, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium acetate, orthophosphoric acid, concentrated sulphuric acid, DiAcetylMonoxime (DAM), thiosemicarbazide, sodium chloride and ferric chloride was procured from Hi Media Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. Deionized water was used throughout the experiments.
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7

Analytical Grade Reagents for Scientific Research

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All chemicals used
in this study were analytical grade reagents. Methanol, ethanol, chloroform,
ethyl acetate, bromocresol green, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent,
sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and hydrochloric acid
(HCl) were purchased from Merck (Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai, India). Sodium
phosphate buffer, mercuric chloride, gelatin, sodium chloride, ferric
chloride, lead acetate, sodium carbonate, citric acid, and sodium
hydroxide were obtained from HiMedia (Mumbai, India). Aluminum chloride,
quercetin, and gallic acid were purchased from Sigma (Bangalore, India).
Sodium nitrite, potassium iodide, iodine, and sodium chloride were
obtained from SRL Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai, India.
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8

Gelatin-Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffold

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Gelatin was obtained from HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. Nano-hydroxyapatite (HA), particle size <200 nm was from Sigma-Aldrich; Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA. Glutaraldehyde (25%) was from AppliChem Inc.; Saint Louis, USA. Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), Trypsin-EDTA (1X), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Pen-Strep were purchased from Gibco Life technology, Nucleospin Kit was from MACHEREY-NAGEL (Düren, Germany). cDNA synthesis kit was from ReverTra Ace-α-® - Toyobo; Japan. SYBR Green Mastermix was from SensiFAST SYBR® No-ROX Kit-Bioline (Taunton, USA). PI3K Activation Dual Detection Kit was from Merck-Millipore (Burlington, USA).
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9

Microbiology Lab Techniques Protocol

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Nutrient Agar, nutrient broth, luria bertani broth, muller hinton agar, glucose, dextrose, sucrose, lactose, mannitol, phenol red, starch agar, Gram's iodine, yeast extract, gelatin, skim milk powder, agar, peptone, tryptone, kovac's reagent, mr-vp media, simmons citrate agar, Nutrient Agar, nutrient broth, safranin, crystal violet, vp reagent (i), vp reagent (ii), oxidase disc, ferrous ammonium sulphate, sodium thiosulphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Bradford's reagent, DNS reagent, hydrogen peroxide, petroleum ether, glacial acetic acid, n-Butanol were procured from Himedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. India. Trypsin, bile salts, Taq polymerase, dNTPs, α-Amylase procured from Sigma Aldrich, USA.
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10

Isolation and Characterization of Lactobacillus Strains

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Lemon pickle was obtained locally (Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala, India) and rice water was aseptically fermented for 6 hours. De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS agar), and Nutrient Gelatin was obtained from HiMedia, India for isolation of Lactobacillus strains and Gelatinase activity respectively. Gelatin was obtained from HiMedia, India and Heparin from Biological E. Limited, Hyderabad, India for matrix binding studies. Chromocult® Coliform Agar was purchased from Merck, India. Bile salts, Pepsin and Ortho-nitro phenyl -D-galactopyranoside discs (ONPG) discs were procured from HiMedia, India. Solvents, hexadecane and xylene was procured from Sigma-Aldrich, India. Dialysis tubing (3.5K MWCO) was purchased from Thermo Fischer Scienti c, India. Absorbance measurements employed synergy microplate reader using Gen5.2.05 Software. Fluorescent microscope (Olympus IX71) and (Olympus BX51) was employed for matrix binding studies.
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