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4 protocols using biotinylated goat anti rat secondary antibody

1

BrdU Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence

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BrdU-labelled cells were detected by immunohistochemistry as previously described8 (link), 33 (link). Briefly, after denaturing the DNA (incubation of 1 hour at 37 °C in HCl 2 N), sections were subjected to a standard protocol of immunelabeling revealed with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (see supplementary material). The antibodies used were an anti-BrdU monoclonal rat primary antibody (1:5,000; Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and a biotinylated goat anti-rat secondary antibody (1:300; Jackson, West Grove, PA, USA).
For determining the neuronal fate of BrdU positive cells a double immunofluorescent technique was carried out (see supplementary material). In each reaction the anti-BrdU monoclonal rat antibody (1:5,000; Abcam) was combined with either rabbit anti-calbindin D-28k (1:2,000; Swant, Bellinzona Switzerland), rabbit anti-calretinin (1:2,000; Swant), rabbit anti-GAD67 (1:1,000; Merck-Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), rabbit anti-parvalbumin (1:2,000; Swant), mouse anti-reelin (1:1,000; Millipore, Temecula CA, USA), rabbit anti-somatostatin (1:3,000; Swant) or mouse anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (1:10,000; Jacques Boy, Reims, France) antibodies. The correspondent secondary fluorescent antibodies were Cy2-conjugated goat anti-rat antibody (for BrdU-labelled cells; 1:500; Jackson), and other Cy3-conjugated goat antibodies (for the other antigens studied; 1:500; Jackson).
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2

BrdU Immunohistochemistry Protocol

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The DAB staining was adapted from previously described work (Kohman et al., 2012 ). Briefly, free floating sections were washed in Tris-buffering solution (TBS) and treated with 0.6% hydrogen peroxide solution for 30 min. Next, sections were placed in 50% de-ionized formamide for 90 min to denature DNA. Sections were then placed in a 10% 20x saline sodium citrate buffer for 15 min, 2N hydrochloric acid for 30 min at 37°C, and then 0.1 M boric acid (pH 8.5) for 10 min. After rinsing, sections were blocked with a solution of 0.3% Triton-X and 3% goat serum in TBS (TBS-X) for 30 min. The sections were then incubated with the primary antibody rat anti-BrdU (1:200; AbD Serotec, Raleigh, NC, USA) in TBS-X for 72 h at 4°C. Sections were then rinsed with TBS, blocked with TBS-X for 30 min, and then incubated with a biotinylated goat anti-rat secondary antibody (1:250, Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA, USA) for 100 min. The ABC system (Vector, Burlingame, CA, USA) and diaminobenzidine kit (DAB; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used for the chromogen.
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Quantifying Cell Proliferation in Brain Sections

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One series of ten brain sections of animals injected with BrdU at P19, P21 and P30 were subjected to double/triple immunostaining. After denaturation and blocking as described above, the sections were incubated overnight in the mouse anti-CC1 (APC) (1:100, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and rat anti-BrdU (1:500, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) primary antibodies. Appropriate secondary antibodies, namely goat anti-rabbit 568 (1:500, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and biotinylated goat anti-rat secondary antibody (1:200, Jackson ImmunoResearch, Cambridgeshire, UK), followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated streptavidin (1:500, AlexaFluor Invitrogene, Waltham, MA, USA), were subsequently used. Next, the brain sections, after rinsing with PBS, were counterstained with DAPI (1:5000, Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany). Finally, the brain sections were mounted on glass slides and coverslipped with 60% glycerol in PBS.
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4

Macrophage Depletion Verification in Adipose and Liver

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To verify macrophage depletion after the CCL treatment, we performed immunohistochemical staining of the visceral white adipose tissue and liver by using an antibody against F4/80 protein, a specific marker for macrophages. Animals were sacrificed using Isoflurane overdose and transcardially perfused with PBS followed by 4% formaldehyde. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded visceral adipose tissues were sectioned (5 μm thick), deparaffinized in xylene, and rehydrated prior to antigen unmasking in proteinase K buffer (Sigma-Aldrich). Sections were blocked with 3% hydrogen peroxide and 5% goat serum and then incubated with rat anti-mouse F4/80 primary antibody (1:200; AbD Serotec, Raleigh, NC) overnight. Sections were then incubated with biotinylated goat anti-rat secondary antibody (1:500; Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc., West Grove, PA) for 2 hours followed by incubation in Avidin-Biotin Complex and developed using 3,3’-diaminobenzidine as substrate (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). All incubations took place in a humidity chamber at room temperature. Liver sections were counterstained with cresyl violet. Sections were examined using a Leica DM 2000 LED light microscope and images were captured using a Leica ICC50 W Microscope Camera and Leica Imaging Software. F4/80 positive cells were counted on 10 high power (20x) fields per slide (n = 3/condition).
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