The following fungal strains were used: Candida albicans ATCC 10,231, Candida glabrata ATCC 90,030, Candida krusei ATCC 6258, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22,019, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763, Candida albicans clinical isolates40 (link),41 (link): B3, B4, Gu4, Gu5, F2, F5, Candida glabrata clinical isolates34 (link): CZD 373, CZD 377, CZD 513, Gd 310, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains35 (link),36 (link),42 (link): AD-MDR1-GFP, AD1-8u−, AD-CDR1-GFP, AD-CDR2-GFP. Fungal strains were routinely grown over 18 h at 30 °C in YPG liquid medium (1% m/V yeast extract, 1% m/V peptone, 2% m/V glucose) in a shaking incubator (INFORS HT Bottmingen, Switzerland). For growth on solid media, 1.5% m/V agar was added to the YPG medium. For antimicrobial activity assays RPMI-1640 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) medium buffered to pH 7.0 was used for all strains except for Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants AD-MDR1-GFP, AD1-8u−, AD-CDR1-GFP, AD-CDR2-GFP. Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants were grown in 0.67% m/V yeast nitrogen base medium without amino acids, folic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, with ammonium sulphate (MP Biomedicals, Irvine, CA, USA) supplemented with 2% m/V glucose, 0.192% m/V yeast synthetic drop-out medium supplement without uracil (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 0.0076% m/V uracil (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manufactured by MP Biomedicals
Sourced in United States
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of yeast. It is a single-celled fungus that reproduces by budding. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used in the production of ethanol, bread, and certain types of alcoholic beverages.
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Lab products found in correlation
3 protocols using saccharomyces cerevisiae
1
Fungal Strain Culturing and Antimicrobial Assays
2
Bacterial Challenge and ZOI Assays
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The following bacterial strains were used for bacterial challenge and zone of inhibition (ZOI) assays: Micrococcus luteus (lysodeikticus) (ATCC, no. 4698), live Staphylococcus aureus [strain PIG1; Liu et al., 2005 (link))], and Escherichia coli (OP50, NCBI:txid637912). ZOI assays were also performed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s active dried yeast from MP Biomedicals, Solon, OH, USA).
3
Rearing Rockefeller Mosquito Larvae
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We used a Rockefeller strain from a laboratory population established since 1996 (ASR -Analytical and Scienti c Research Laboratory®) provided by eggs attached into porous paper. We stored the mosquito eggs inside plastic boxes at room temperature (26°C ± 2) and relative humidity of 70% (± 5). To stimulate egg hatching, we immersed 1 cm² of the paper containing the eggs in 1 liter of tap water and 1g. of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MP Biomedicals, France). After 24 h, we separated batches of 20 I instar larvae to avoid effects of intraspeci c competition (Steinwascher 2020 ).
We placed the larvae in new plastic vessels containing 250 ml of tap water with 64 mg of S. cerevisiae added as a nutritional source (Souza et al. 2019 (link)). The batches of larvae were maintained inside an incubator chamber (Eletrolab®, Model EL212/4LED) until they reached late III instar under the temperature regimes of the experimentation interest, considering the region to be simulated (photoperiod 14:10 light:dark, considering higher temperature for the light cycle and low temperature for the dark cycle). We chose the light:dark cycle of 14:10 to simulate the higher sunlight exposition that is typical of the spring and summer in tropical areas (Costanzo et al. 2015) (link). Every two days, we added a new nutritional source (64 mg of S. cerevisiae) until the larvae reached III instar.
We placed the larvae in new plastic vessels containing 250 ml of tap water with 64 mg of S. cerevisiae added as a nutritional source (Souza et al. 2019 (link)). The batches of larvae were maintained inside an incubator chamber (Eletrolab®, Model EL212/4LED) until they reached late III instar under the temperature regimes of the experimentation interest, considering the region to be simulated (photoperiod 14:10 light:dark, considering higher temperature for the light cycle and low temperature for the dark cycle). We chose the light:dark cycle of 14:10 to simulate the higher sunlight exposition that is typical of the spring and summer in tropical areas (Costanzo et al. 2015) (link). Every two days, we added a new nutritional source (64 mg of S. cerevisiae) until the larvae reached III instar.
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