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11 protocols using rabbit monoclonal anti occludin antibody

1

Western Blot Analysis of Brain Proteins after ICH

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Mice were euthanized at 3 days after ICH, and their right brain hemisphere was extracted for Western blot analysis. The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit anti-DPP4 monoclonal antibody (1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), rabbit anti-Occludin monoclonal antibody (1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), rabbit anti-ZO-1 monoclonal antibody (1:5000, Proteintech, China), rabbit anti-MMP-9 monoclonal antibody (1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), rabbit anti-CX43 monoclonal antibody (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-GAPDH monoclonal antibody (1:5000, Proteintech, China), and anti-α-Tubulin (1:1000, Proteintech, China). Enhanced chemiluminescence detection kit was employed to visualize immunoblots. The relative intensity of the bands was measured by ImageJ (NIH, United States).
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2

Quantifying Intestinal Occludin Expression

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Immunohistochemical staining of intestinal tissue was performed using the rabbit anti-occludin monoclonal antibody (Abcam, UK) (1:250) and horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-rabbit antibody. Image-Pro plus 6.0 image analysis software was used to calculate the integral optical density (IOD) of positive staining for semi-quantification of occludin protein expression.
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3

Visualizing Tight Junction Proteins

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Colonic tissue sections were deparaffinized and subjected to an antigen retrieval process. Briefly, sections were heated in sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) with a 500-watt microwave oven until the temperature reached 100°C. When the temperature of the sodium citrate buffer dropped below 60°C, tissue slices were treated with protease K. Non-specific binding was blocked by incubating with 5% normal goat serum for 30 min at room temperature. For occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) staining, sections were separately incubated with rabbit monoclonal anti-occludin antibody (1:50 dilution; Abcam, USA) and rabbit polyclonal anti-ZO-1 antibody (1:200 dilution; Abcam, USA) overnight at 4°C. After wards, sections were washed with PBS and incubated with Alexa Fluor 555 goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (1:400 dilution; Abcam, USA) in the dark for 45 min at room temperature. Sections were then washed with PBS, stained with Hoechst dye (1:2,000 dilution; Abcam, USA) for 5 min and washed again with PBS. Finally, images of the stained sections were analyzed by confocal microscopy.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Tight Junction Proteins

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Proteins in aliquots of whole RWM homogenates were separated on mPAGE 4–12% Bis–Tris gels (Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, United States), transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA), blocked with blocking buffer (BlockPRO, Visual Protein Biotechnology Corporation, Taiwan), and probed with the indicated primary antibody at 4°C overnight. After we washed the membranes three times with Tris-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween 20 (TBST), they were incubated with antimouse or antirabbit horseradish peroxidase–linked whole antibody (1:10,000; GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, United States) for 1 h at RT and again washed with TBST. The immunoreactive bands were stained using a light-emitting nonradioactive method (ECL; Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA). The specific primary antibodies included mouse monoclonal anti-ZO1 antibody (1:500; Thermo Fisher Scientific), rabbit monoclonal antioccludin antibody (1:1,000; Abcam Inc., Cambridge, United Kingdom), and mouse monoclonal antiactin antibody (1:1,000; Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA). Images were acquired and analyzed using ImageJ for band intensity quantification.
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5

Evaluation of RABV Strains in Mice

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Three RABVs were used in this study, including GD-SH-01, HEP-Flury, and rHEP-SH-P. GD-SH-01 is a wt RABV strain that was isolated from the brain tissue of rabid pig in our laboratory and is phylogenetically close to canine RABV (Luo et al., 2012 (link), 2013 (link)), HEP-Flury, a laboratory-attenuated high egg passage (HEP) RABV strain, which is preserved in our laboratory, and rHEP-SH-P, which is a chimeric strain whose P gene was adopted from GD-SH-01 and expressed in the backbone of HEP-Flury genome (Tian et al., 2017a (link)). Rabbit polyclonal anti-Claudin-5 antibody, rabbit monoclonal anti-Occludin antibody, and rabbit polyclonal anti-CD3 antibody were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, United States). Female Kunming (KM) mice (6–8 weeks old) were purchased from the Center for Laboratory Animal Science at the Southern Medical University (Guangzhou, China). Mice were housed in the Laboratory Animal Center of South China Agricultural University.
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6

Quantitative Analysis of Cerebrovascular Markers

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At 24 hours after MCAO, the brains were removed after perfusion with 0.9% sodium chloride and 4% paraformaldehyde. Then the brain tissue were immersed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution for post xation, dehydrated in gradient sucrose solutions of 15% and 30% at 4°C, embedded in optimal cutting temperature compound and cut into 20 µm thick serial coronal sections. Sliced tissues were then blocked with buffer containing 1% goat serum, and 0.2% Triton in PBS and incubated with the following primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti-MMP-9 (1: 500, Abcam), rabbit polyclonal anti-caveolin-1 (1: 500, Abcam), rabbit monoclonal anti-occludin antibody (1:100, Abcam), and rabbit monoclonal anti-CD31 antibody (1:100, Abcam). After overnight incubation at 4 °C, sections were washed four times, secondary uorescent antibodies were added and incubated for 1 hour in the dark at room temperature, and the nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Sigma-Aldrich). The sections were observed using a uorescence microscope (Olympus, Japan). We used the Image J software to perform the anlysis. Six images of slides were obtained per groups. Images were converted into an 8-bit format, and an intensity threshold was set and kept constant for all images analyzed. Mean uorescence intensities was calculated by dividing the uorescence intensities by the area of outlined regions.
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7

Quantifying Protein Expression in Stroke

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At 24 hours after MCAO, the brains were removed after perfusion with 0.9% sodium chloride and 4% paraformaldehyde. Then the brain tissue were immersed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution for post xation, dehydrated in gradient sucrose solutions of 15% and 30% at 4 °C, embedded in optimal cutting temperature compound and cut into 20 µm thick serial coronal sections. Sliced tissues were then blocked with buffer containing 1% goat serum, and 0.2% Triton in PBS and incubated with the following primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti-MMP-9 (1: 500, Abcam), rabbit polyclonal anti-caveolin-1 (1: 500, Abcam), and rabbit monoclonal anti-occludin antibody (1:100, Abcam). After overnight incubation at 4 °C, sections were washed four times, secondary uorescent antibodies were added and incubated for 1 hour in the dark at room temperature, and the nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Sigma-Aldrich). The sections were observed using a uorescence microscope (Olympus, Japan).
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8

Quantifying Protein Expression in Stroke

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At 24 hours after MCAO, the brains were removed after perfusion with 0.9% sodium chloride and 4% paraformaldehyde. Then the brain tissue were immersed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution for post xation, dehydrated in gradient sucrose solutions of 15% and 30% at 4 °C, embedded in optimal cutting temperature compound and cut into 20 µm thick serial coronal sections. Sliced tissues were then blocked with buffer containing 1% goat serum, and 0.2% Triton in PBS and incubated with the following primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti-MMP-9 (1: 500, Abcam), rabbit polyclonal anti-caveolin-1 (1: 500, Abcam), and rabbit monoclonal anti-occludin antibody (1:100, Abcam). After overnight incubation at 4 °C, sections were washed four times, secondary uorescent antibodies were added and incubated for 1 hour in the dark at room temperature, and the nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Sigma-Aldrich). The sections were observed using a uorescence microscope (Olympus, Japan).
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9

Immunostaining of Brain Tissue Post-MCAO

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At 24 hours after MCAO, the brains were removed after perfusion with 0.9% sodium chloride and 4% paraformaldehyde. Then the brain tissue were immersed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution for post xation, dehydrated in gradient sucrose solutions of 15% and 30% at 4°C, embedded in optimal cutting temperature compound and cut into 20 µm thick serial coronal sections. Sliced tissues were then blocked with buffer containing 1% goat serum, and 0.2% Triton in PBS and incubated with the following primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti-MMP-9 (1: 500, Abcam), rabbit polyclonal anti-caveolin-1 (1: 500, Abcam), rabbit monoclonal anti-occludin antibody (1:100, Abcam), and rabbit monoclonal anti-CD31 antibody (1:100, Abcam). After overnight incubation at 4 °C, sections were washed four times, secondary uorescent antibodies were added and incubated for 1 hour in the dark at room temperature, and the nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Sigma-Aldrich). The sections were observed using a uorescence microscope (Olympus, Japan).
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10

Quantitative Analysis of Cerebrovascular Markers

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At 24 hours after MCAO, the brains were removed after perfusion with 0.9% sodium chloride and 4% paraformaldehyde. Then the brain tissue were immersed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution for post xation, dehydrated in gradient sucrose solutions of 15% and 30% at 4°C, embedded in optimal cutting temperature compound and cut into 20 µm thick serial coronal sections. Sliced tissues were then blocked with buffer containing 1% goat serum, and 0.2% Triton in PBS and incubated with the following primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti-MMP-9 (1: 500, Abcam), rabbit polyclonal anti-caveolin-1 (1: 500, Abcam), rabbit monoclonal anti-occludin antibody (1:100, Abcam), and rabbit monoclonal anti-CD31 antibody (1:100, Abcam). After overnight incubation at 4 °C, sections were washed four times, secondary uorescent antibodies were added and incubated for 1 hour in the dark at room temperature, and the nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Sigma-Aldrich). The sections were observed using a uorescence microscope (Olympus, Japan). We used the Image J software to perform the anlysis. Six images of slides were obtained per groups. Images were converted into an 8-bit format, and an intensity threshold was set and kept constant for all images analyzed. Mean uorescence intensities was calculated by dividing the uorescence intensities by the area of outlined regions.
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