Methanol of hplc grade

Naphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl) methanone (JWH-018), naphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-d₁₁-methanone (JWH-018-d₁₁), 4-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl) methanone (JWH-081), 1-[(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-(naphthalen-1-yl) methanone (AM-2201), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(1-pentyl-indol-3-yl) methanone (RCS-4), and [1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl) methanone (XLR-11) (structures shown in Fig. 2), each dissolved in methanol at concentrations of 1 mg/mL, were purchased from Lipomed AG (Arlesheim, Switzerland). All synthetic cannabinoids reference standards had purities greater than 99%. Whatman Grade 1 cellulose chromatography paper was purchased from Whatman (Piscataway, NJ, USA) and used to prepare sample substrates for paper spray and extraction spray ionization. Bovine whole blood stabilized with EDTAK₂ was purchased from Innovative Research (Novi, MI, USA). Synthetic urine was purchased from CST Technologies (Great Neck, NY, USA). Methanol of HPLC grade was purchased from Mallinckrodt (Hazelwood, MO, USA). Other chemicals used in the experiment were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). Stock solutions of the analytes were prepared by dilution with the methanol and were subsequently spiked into the raw samples for analysis.