Methotrexate

Ginsenoside Rg1, Rg3, Rg5, Rb1, Rh2, CK (purity > 98% as determined by HPLC) and methotrexate were purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotech Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Type IV Collagenase were provided by Sigma-Aldrich Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). Propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V-FITC were acquired from BioVision Inc. (Milpitas, CA, USA). Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and Type II bovine collagen were obtained from Chondrex, Inc. (Redmond, WA, USA). Mouse antibody CD45-Percp-Cyanine5.5, CD4-FITC, CD8-PE-Cy7, F4/80-FITC, CD86-PE were purchased from BioLegend Co, Ltd. (San Diego, CA, USA). TNF-α and the IL-6 ELISA Kit were gained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Shanghai, China).

Amino-Methoxy polyethylene glycol (NH₂-MPEG, MW = 5000 Da) was purchased from Ponsure Biological CO., Ltd (Shanghai, China).β-CD, p-toluene sulfonyl (PTS), Oil Red O (ORO) and cholesterol were obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Methotrexate was purchased from Meilun Co., Ltd (Dalian, China). 1, 19-Dioctadecyl-3, 3, 39, 39-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate (DiD) was supplied by Biotium Inc (Fremont, US). Bindarit was obtained form Macklin Inc (Shanghai, China). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). Human high-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were obtained from Yiyuanbiotech (Guangzhou, China). MTS was obtained from Abcam Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) and Gibco RPMI 1640 Medium were bought from Hyclone Co., Ltd. Total Cholesterol (TC) Quantitation Kit was purchased from Elabscience Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China). Other reagents were analytical grades.