The isolation of pancreatic acinar cells and β cells was described previously (Nemoto et al., 2001 (
link); Takahashi et al., 2002 (
link)). ZG exocytosis in the control and AcKO acinar cells or insulin granule exocytosis in the control and PcKO β cells was visualized using a solution that contained 0.5 or 0.7 mM SRB as a fluid-phase tracer. Two-photon excitation imaging for pancreatic acinar cells was performed using a laser-scanning microscope (
A1R MP+; Nikon) with an XLPLan 25× objective lens (NA 1.05; Olympus) and a femtosecond laser (
Mai Tai eHP DeepSee; Spectra-Physics). For pancreatic β cells, two-photon imaging was performed using an inverted laser-scanning microscope (
FV1000 and IX81; Olympus) equipped with a water-immersion objective lens (UPlanApo 60× W/IR; NA 1.2; Olympus) and a femtosecond laser (
Mai Tai; Spectra-Physics). Exocytosis was measured in response to 100 pM CCK or 20 mM glucose within arbitrary areas of the isolated acinar cells and islets. Increases in the cytosolic Ca
2+ concentration were measured using the Fura-2 AM (K
Ca: 0.2 µM) or Fura-2 FF (K
Ca: 40 µM) Ca
2+ indicator and were reported as (F
0 – F)/F
0, where F
0 and F represent the resting and post-stimulation fluorescence levels, respectively.
Kunii M., Ohara-Imaizumi M., Takahashi N., Kobayashi M., Kawakami R., Kondoh Y., Shimizu T., Simizu S., Lin B., Nunomura K., Aoyagi K., Ohno M., Ohmuraya M., Sato T., Yoshimura S.I., Sato K., Harada R., Kim Y.J., Osada H., Nemoto T., Kasai H., Kitamura T., Nagamatsu S, & Harada A. (2016). Opposing roles for SNAP23 in secretion in exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells. The Journal of Cell Biology, 215(1), 121-138.