Rapamycin, sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7·H2O) [Cr(VI)], 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN), mercury(II) chloride (HgCl2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), NO inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG), p38 inhibitor SB203580, NO donor diethylamine NONOate sodium salt, Bafilomycin A1, Chloroquine diphosphate salt, and S-nitrosocysteine were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The fluorogenic caspase-9 substrate, LEHD–amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC), was from Alexis Biochemicals (San Diego, CA). Diaminofluorescein (DAF)-diacetate (DA) was purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR). Antibodies for Rabbit IgG, Bcl-2, p62, Beclin-1, Atg5, Atg12, P-p38/p38, β-actin, and peroxidase-labeled secondary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). Lipofectamine 2000 was purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA). The Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 and a Bcl-2 antibody for immunoprecipitation were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies (Dallas, TX). pAb anti-LC3 antibody (HRP) was from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO).
2 3 diaminonaphthalene
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
2,3-diaminonaphthalene is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a reagent for the detection and quantification of certain analytes. The core function of 2,3-diaminonaphthalene is to facilitate specific chemical reactions and analyses in laboratory settings.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
L glutathione reduced, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Rf 5001 pc spectrofluorophotometer, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
Sulfanilamide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium dichromate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rapamycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Atg12, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Peroxidase labeled secondary antibody, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
P38 inhibitor sb203580, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
S nitrosocysteine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
P p38 p38, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Lipofectamine 2000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Bafilomycin a1, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
β actin, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Chloroquine diphosphate salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 aminosalicylic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 vinylpyridine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 sulfosalicylic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mouse monoclonal antibody to β actin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 4 6 trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
O dianisidine dihydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
8 protocols using 2 3 diaminonaphthalene
1
Mechanistic Insights into Chromium-Induced Autophagy
2
Antioxidant and Inflammatory Biomarkers
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Laboratory chemicals, namely 5-aminosalicylic acid, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution (TNBS), 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), glutathione reductase, L-glutathione reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms, β-NADPH, 5-sulfosalicylic acid, 2-vinylpyridine, 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN), o-dianisidine dihydrochloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), protease inhibitor cocktail and general laboratory chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, Missouri, USA). Microcon-10kDa centrifugal filters were obtained from Merck Millipore (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).
Rabbit polyclonal antibody to iNOS was purchased from Cell Signalling Technology (Leiden, The Netherlands); rabbit polyclonal antibody to COX-2 was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK); goat polyclonal antibody to MPO was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA); mouse monoclonal antibody to β-actin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, Missouri, USA); anti-rabbit, anti-mouse and anti-goat IgG secondary antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).
Rabbit polyclonal antibody to iNOS was purchased from Cell Signalling Technology (Leiden, The Netherlands); rabbit polyclonal antibody to COX-2 was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK); goat polyclonal antibody to MPO was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA); mouse monoclonal antibody to β-actin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, Missouri, USA); anti-rabbit, anti-mouse and anti-goat IgG secondary antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).
3
Spectrofluorometric Selenium Determination
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Selenium concentrations were determined using the spectrofluorometric method [28 (link)]. The samples (0.5–1.5 g) were digested in HNO3 at 230 °C for 180 min and in HClO4 at 310 °C for 20 min. Then 3 ml 9 % HCl was added to reduce Se6+ to Se4+. Selenium was derivatized with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (Sigma-Aldrich), under controlled pH conditions (pH 1–2), with the formation of selenodiazole complex. This complex was extracted into cyclohexane. EDTA and hydroxylamine hydrochlorine were used as masking agents. Se concentration was determined fluorometrically using a Shimadzu RF-5001 PC spectrofluorophotometer and expressed in mg kg−1 of wet weight. The excitation wavelength was 376 nm, and the fluorescence emission wavelength was 518 nm. All chemicals used were of analytical reagent grade. The accuracy of the method was verified using the certified reference material BCR-185R (bovine liver) with Se concentration 1.68 mg kg−1 ww. A reference sample was analyzed in triplicate. The mean Se concentration was 95.8 ± 3.3 % of the reference values. The detection limit was 0.004 mg kg−1 wet weight.
4
Spectrofluorometric Determination of Selenium in Bones
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Selenium concentrations in bones were determined using the spectrofluorometric method. The samples (0.5–1.5 g) were digested in HNO3 at 230°C for 180 min and in HClO4 at 310°C for 20 min. Then samples were hydrolyzed with 9% HCl. Selenium was derivatized with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (Sigma-Aldrich) under controlled pH (pH 1–2) with the formation of the selenodiazole complex. This complex was extracted into cyclohexane. EDTA and hydroxylamine hydrochloride were used as masking agents. Se concentration was determined fluorometrically using a Shimadzu RF-5001 PC spectrofluorophotometer. The excitation wavelength was 376 nm, and the fluorescence emission wavelength was 518 nm. The calibration curve was calculated using a series of standard solutions containing Se at concentrations from 0.001 to 1.200 µg/mL). The accuracy of the method was verified using certified reference material BCR-185R (bovine liver) (European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements). A recovery of 90% was obtained.24 (link),25 (link) The limit of detection was 0.3 µg/L.
5
Nitric Oxide Detection Assay
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All chemicals used in this study were of
analytical reagent grade. Microperoxidase-11 (≥85%) sodium
salt,l -glutathione reduced (GSH) (≥98%), N-acetyl-l -cysteine (AcCys) (≥99%), l -cysteine (Cys) 97%, sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate
(≥99%), 2-3-diaminonaphthalene, sulfanilamide (≥98%),
sodium nitrite (≥99%), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM)
(≥98%), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) (≥98%)
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. NO gas (Linde UN 1660) was passed
through the concentrated KOH solution to remove higher nitrogen species
(NO2, N2O3) and subsequently through
a column with Ascarite II (NaOH on silica gel, Sigma-Aldrich). All
solutions were prepared in deionized water.
analytical reagent grade. Microperoxidase-11 (≥85%) sodium
salt,
(≥99%), 2-3-diaminonaphthalene, sulfanilamide (≥98%),
sodium nitrite (≥99%), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM)
(≥98%), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) (≥98%)
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. NO gas (Linde UN 1660) was passed
through the concentrated KOH solution to remove higher nitrogen species
(NO2, N2O3) and subsequently through
a column with Ascarite II (NaOH on silica gel, Sigma-Aldrich). All
solutions were prepared in deionized water.
6
Quantifying Nitrite and Nitrate Levels
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Sodium nitrate (NaNO3), sodium nitrite (NaNO2), 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN, the derivatizing agent), nitrate reductase (from Aspergillus niger), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (β-NADPH), and flavin adenine dinucleotide disodium salt hydrate (FAD) were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich; 15N-NaNO2 and 15N-NaNO3 were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories.
Standard stock solutions of nitrite and nitrate used to establish calibration curves were individually prepared by dissolving NaNO2 or NaNO3 in deionized water to the desired concentrations. The linear range for NO2− was 0.03 to 2.0 μM, and each calibrator contained 0.5 nmol of the stable isotope-labeled internal standard (SIL-IS) 15N-NO2−. The linear range for NO3− was 15.6 to 1000 μM, and each calibrator contained 6.25 nmol of the SIL-IS 15N-NO3−. The calibrators were processed and analyzed as described later for the PE samples.
Standard stock solutions of nitrite and nitrate used to establish calibration curves were individually prepared by dissolving NaNO2 or NaNO3 in deionized water to the desired concentrations. The linear range for NO2− was 0.03 to 2.0 μM, and each calibrator contained 0.5 nmol of the stable isotope-labeled internal standard (SIL-IS) 15N-NO2−. The linear range for NO3− was 15.6 to 1000 μM, and each calibrator contained 6.25 nmol of the SIL-IS 15N-NO3−. The calibrators were processed and analyzed as described later for the PE samples.
7
Jengkol Metabolite Profiling and Molecular Modeling
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Samples of jengkol were obtained from several markets in West Java, using the cluster sampling method. The stationary phase used for HPLC was column C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) and for that of LC-MS was column C18 1.7 µm (2.1 × 100 mm). Chemical materials include 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (Sigma-Aldrich®, St. Louis, MO, USA), sodium selenite (Na2SeO3; Sigma-Aldrich®), acetonitrile (ACN; Merck® (St. Louis, MO, USA) HPLC grade)), methanol (Merck® HPLC Grade), cyclohexane (Merck® Analysis Grade), nitric acid (Merck® Analysis Grade), perchloric acid (Merck® Analysis Grade), hydrochloric acid (HCl; Merck® Analysis Grade), and Na-EDTA (Merck® Analysis Grade). The analysis of molecular docking was performed using Auto dock 1.2.6, BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer® (San Diego, CA, USA), ChemDraw 8.0. The molecular dynamic simulation was performed using GROMACS 2016.3.
8
Expression and Purification of Recombinant ADI
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The ADI plasmid of Mycoplasma arginini was a kind gift from Dr. Wei-Chiang Shen (School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA) and was transformed into Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21. rADI was prepared and purified to homogeneity as previously described [19 (link)]. The reagents for the E. coli culture medium were purchased from Becton Dickinson Transduction Laboratory (Lexington, KY). Ampicillin was purchased from MDBio (Rockville, Maryland). The Micro BCA protein assay reagent kit was obtained from Pierce (Rockford, IL). Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), dithiothreitol (DTT), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), sulfanilamide, N-(1-napthyl)-ethylenediamine-2HCl, retinoic acid (RA), 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN), N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA), (+)-MK-801, and rhodamine 123 (Rho 123) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).
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