For this work, the following reagents were used: methylene blue (C16H18SN3Cl, Dinâmica, Brasilpaís), Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH, Dinâmica, 98%, Brazil), Hydrochloric Acid (HCl, Dinâmica, 38%, Brazil), Sodium Chloride (NaCl, Dinâmica, 99%, Brazil), Distilled Water (Brazil). All reagents were analytical in degree, and no previous purification was required. The pequi endocarp residues were obtained at the free fair of the municipality of Floriano (PI), Avenida Bucar Neto, Centro, Floriano (PI), CEP 64800-000.
Sodium chloride (nacl)
Manufactured by Dinâmica
Sourced in Brazil
Sodium chloride is a chemical compound that consists of sodium and chloride ions. It is a white, crystalline solid that is commonly known as table salt. Sodium chloride is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance and nerve function in the body.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Mgso4, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Dinâmica (2 mentions)
Calcium chloride, by Dinâmica (2 mentions)
Aminophylline, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Calcium chloride dihydrate, by Vetec (2 mentions)
Sodium bicarbonate nahco3, by Vetec (2 mentions)
Acetylcholine chloride ach, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phenylephrine phe, by Pfizer (2 mentions)
Cacl2, by Dinâmica (2 mentions)
Gelatin, by Dinâmica (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Dinâmica (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Dinâmica (1 mentions)
Arachidonic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, by Vetec (1 mentions)
Carbamylcholine chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Thiobarbituric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium bicarbonate, by Vetec (1 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Vetec (1 mentions)
Glycerine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
14 protocols using sodium chloride (nacl)
1
Pequi Endocarp Bioactivation and Characterization
2
Preparation of Physiological Solutions
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Calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O), magnesium chloride
hexahydrate (MgCl2.6H2O), potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO3) were purchased from VETEC (Brazil). Monosodium phosphate
1-hydrate (NaH2PO4.H2O), glucose
(C6H12O6), magnesium sulfate monohydrate
(MgSO4.H2O) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from
Nuclear (Brazil). Sodium chloride (NaCl) was purchased from Dinâmica (Brazil).
Carbamylcholine chloride (CCh), aminophylline, trichloroacetic acid, arachidonic acid
(AA), and thiobarbituric acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Brazil). Carbogenic
mixture (95% O2 and 5% CO2) was purchased from White Martins
(Brazil).
hexahydrate (MgCl2.6H2O), potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO3) were purchased from VETEC (Brazil). Monosodium phosphate
1-hydrate (NaH2PO4.H2O), glucose
(C6H12O6), magnesium sulfate monohydrate
(MgSO4.H2O) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from
Nuclear (Brazil). Sodium chloride (NaCl) was purchased from Dinâmica (Brazil).
Carbamylcholine chloride (CCh), aminophylline, trichloroacetic acid, arachidonic acid
(AA), and thiobarbituric acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Brazil). Carbogenic
mixture (95% O2 and 5% CO2) was purchased from White Martins
(Brazil).
3
Topical Anesthetic Formulation Development
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Local anesthetics in the base form (LDC and PLC) and capric/caprylic triglyceride (MYRITOL 318) were kindly donated by Cristália (Itapira, SP, Brazil) and Chemspecs (São Paulo, SP, Brazil), respectively. CARBOPOL ULTREZ 10 was purchased from Lubrizol (San Diego, CA, USA); NIPAGIN from Chemco (Hortolândia, SP, Brazil); acetone and chloroform from Synth (Labsynth, Diadema, SP, Brazil); poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, MW 30,000-70,000), polycaprolactone (PCL, MW 70,000-90,000), triethanolamine, glycerine, phosphoric acid, ammonium hydroxide, uranyl acetate, polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), and MTT Assays from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany); acetonitrile from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA); anhydrous dibasic sodium phosphate, anhydrous monobasic sodium phosphate, anhydrous monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride from Dinâmica (Dinâmica Química Contemporânea, Diadema, SP, Brazil). Ultrapure water from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) was used to prepare all solutions. The commercially available topical anesthetic product composed of the eutectic mixture of LDC and PLC (5%) (EMLA cream, AstraZeneca, Brazil) was used as the positive control in some experiments, as detailed below.
4
Edible Biofilm Production from L. reuteri
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L. reuteri strains DSM 20016 and DSM 17938 were obtained from Coleção de Cultura Tropical (Fundação André Tosello) under the number CCT 3433 and isolated from PROVANCE® (Aché Laboratórios Farmacêuticos S.A.), respectively. To produce the filmogenic solutions, high viscosity sodium alginate (Dinâmica Química Contemporânea Ltda, Diadema, SP, Brazil) and glycerol ≥99.5% (Anidrol Produtos para Laboratórios Ltda., Diadema, SP, Brazil) were used. Bacteriological peptone and yeast extract were purchased from HiMedia (Mumbai India). Both de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth and agar were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The sodium chloride, tryptophan, sodium citrate and ethanol 95% were acquired from Dinâmica Química Contemporânea Ltda (Diadema, SP, Brazil). Acrolein standard was obtained from Riedel-de Haën (Seelze, Hannover, Germany).
5
Evaluation of Neurogenic Inflammation Modulators
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The following drugs and reagents were used in the study: citral which was dissolved in 0.25 % Tween 80 and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA); glacial acetic acid, sodium chloride and Tween 80 which were purchased from Dinâmica® (Brazil); formaldehyde which was purchased from Vetec® (Brazil); saline solution (0.9 %) which was purchased from Arboreto® (Brazil); ketamine and xylazine which were purchased from Syntec® (Brazil); capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, glutamate, mefenamic acid, menthol, capsazepine, ruthenium red, mustard oil and HC-030031 which were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). In addition, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was prepared using 0.15 M NaCl (Cromoline®, Brazil), 0.01 M NaH₂PO₄ (Vetec®, Brazil) and NaCOH3 (Vetec®, Brazil; quantum sufficit to pH 7.2).
6
TNBS-Induced Colitis Model Evaluation
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TNBS, non-selective COX inhibitor, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), selective COX-1 inhibitor (SC-560), ethanol (etOH), fluorescein, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and O-dianisidine were purchased from Sigma® (Brazil). The selective COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) was purchased from Pfizer (Brazil). The salts used for the Krebs solution (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, and glucose) were obtained from Dinâmica® (Brazil).
7
Synthesis of Photocatalytic Zinc Oxide
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Ibuprofen (≥98%, C13H18O2) was obtained from Orn Pharma Nostra (Teresina, Brazil). The reagents used in the synthesis of photocatalysts—gycerol, Zn(NO3)2, (NH4(Ce)4NO3, Zinc acetate dihydrate (C4H6O4Zn·2H2O)—were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (São Paulo, Brazil) and were used as the precursor for the synthesis of zinc oxide. HCl and NaOH (Sigma Aldrich, São Paulo, Brazil) were used to adjust the pH. Methanol (≥99.6%), silver nitrate (≥99%), and (Ethylenedinitrile)tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (≥98.5%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich(São Paulo, Brazil). For toxicity assays, the synthetic saline was prepared with magnesium sulfate 98% (Isofar, São Paulo, Brazil), Calcium chloride 99% (Dinâmica), Magnesium chloride 99% (Impex), Sodium bicarbonate 99.4% (Aldrich, São Paulo, Brazil), and Sodium chloride 99% (Dinâmica, São Paulo, Brazil). All reagents were used without prior purification.
8
Isolated Vascular Tissue Preparation
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Calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2·2H2O), potassium chloride (KCl), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) were purchased from Vetec (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil). Glucose (C6H12O6), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4·7H2O), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and monobasic potassium phosphate (KH2PO4) were from Nuclear (Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil). Sodium chloride (NaCl) was purchased from Dinâmica (Diadema, SP, Brazil) and acetylcholine chloride (ACh) from Merck (Brazil). Phenylephrine (PHE) was obtained from Pfizer (USA), and Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Brazil). Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (1 : 250) came from BioTécnica-Advanced Biotechnology (Brazil), and carbogen mixture (95% O2 and 5% CO2) was obtained from White Martins (Brazil). All substances were weighed on an analytical balance, GEHAKA model AG 200 (Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil).
9
Balanced Salt Solution Preparation
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Glucose (C6H12O6), monobasic potassium phosphate (KH2PO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O) were obtained from Nuclear (Brazil). Sodium chloride (NaCl) was purchased from Dinâmica (Brazil). Potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) were acquired from Vetec (Brazil) and acetylcholine chloride (ACh) from Merck (Brazil). Phenylephrine (PHE) was obtained from Pfizer (United States) and aminophylline and indomethacin from Sigma Aldrich (Brazil). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (1:250) was purchased from BioTécnica-Advanced Biotechnology (Brazil) and carbogen mixture (95% O2 and 5% CO2) from White Martins (Brazil). The weighing of the substances was done with a GEHAKA analytical balance model AG 200 (Brazil).
10
Artemia salina Acute Toxicity Evaluation
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The acute toxicity of the developed systems was evaluated from tests with Artemia salina [19 (link)]. For that, Artemia salina (Maramar Pet) eggs were incubated in artificial seawater prepared from sea salt using 1.0 L of distilled water, 15.153 g of NaCl (Dinâmica), 1.398 g of MgCl2 (Impex), 1.888 g of MgSO4 (Isofar), 0.652 g of CaCl2 (Dinâmica), 0.414 g of KCl (Dinâmica), and 0.116 g of NaHCO3 (Sigma-Aldrich) [20 (link)]. This test was prepared at concentrations of 0.1; 0.5; 1.0, and 5.0 mg·mL−1 in 10 mL of artificial saline solution, and then 10 nauplii of Artemia salina was added to each container. Soon after, the hydrogels were placed in contact with these solutions. All tests were performed in triplicate and toxicity was determined according to the amount of Artemia salina alive after 24 h and 48 h of contact. During the tests, the lighting of the systems was maintained under controlled conditions, and the negative control was conducted using synthetic saline solution.
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