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29 protocols using 5 0 vicryl suture

1

Inferior Vena Cava Ligation for Venous Thrombosis

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VT was formed via generation of stasis blood flow by infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation.19 (link), 20 (link), 21 (link), 22 (link) In brief, the mice were anesthetized via 2% to 2.5% inhaled isoflurane with oxygen gas at 0.5 L/min, and midline laparotomy was performed. The venous side and dorsal branches were interrupted, and the infrarenal IVC was ligated with a 7-0 Prolene suture (Ethicon Inc, Somerville, NJ) to generate stasis thrombosis. The peritoneum was closed with 5-0 Vicryl suture (Ethicon Inc), and the skin incision was secured with skin glue or wound clips (7-mm wound clips; Reflex Inc, San Francisco, CA), and the mice were allowed to recover under a warming lamp. The mice were euthanized on postoperative day 21. Before processing, the IVC and thrombus were measured and weighed en bloc.18 (link), 19 (link), 20 (link)
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2

Achilles Tendon Repair in Rats

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Rats were anesthetized via inhaling isoflurane and oxygen. Body temperature was maintained at 37 °C using a surgical warm pad placed underneath the rat. All surgeries were conducted in the surgical suite using sterile surgical tools. The left hind leg was shaved and cleaned with betadine and isopropanol alternatively three times. A 15 mm incision was made over the Achilles tendon (Fig. S1). As the Achilles tendon was identified, it was dissected carefully, and surrounding tissues were cleared. The Achilles tendon was damaged via full-thickness transection and the calcaneus tendon was removed. These defects were treated as explained in the study design. For the sham group, the tendon was exposed without damaging it. In the no-repair group, the damaged tendon was not repaired. For the suture group, the Achilles tendon was sutured with 6–0 Proline suture (Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ). A 5 × 10 mm2 scaffold was wrapped tightly around the tendon and secured via a 6-0 Proline suture in scaffold-treated groups. The skin incision was closed using 5-0 Vicryl® suture (Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ), cleaned with alcohol wipes, and glue was applied. After the surgery, animals were housed individually, pain was managed via buprenorphine injection every 12–18 h for two days.
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3

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Mouse Model

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The animals were randomly assigned to two groups: the POCD group (n = 6) and control group (n = 6). Intramedullary fixation for open tibial fracture under isoflurane anesthesia has been widely used as a POCD model (Yang et al., 2019 (link)). Briefly, mice were exposed to 3% isoflurane for the anesthesia induction, followed by 1.5% isoflurane in 100% oxygen for the maintenance. After shaving and disinfecting the animal, a skin incision was made on the lateral tibia, and a 0.3-mm intramedullary fixation pin was inserted into the medullary cavity. Next, an osteotomy was performed at the middle and distal third of the bone, and the wound was closed with 5-0 Vicryl suture (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA). The entire procedure from the induction to the end of surgery lasted 30 min. A warm pad was utilized to keep the body temperature around 37°C throughout the surgery. Then, 2% lidocaine solution and 1% tetracaine hydrochloride mucilage was applied locally for postoperative analgesia twice daily until 3 days after surgery. The control group received 100% oxygen without surgery or anesthesia.
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4

Unilateral Cryptorchidism Induction Protocol

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Surgical procedure for induction of unilateral cryptorchidism was performed. Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare Corp) gas and maintained with 2–3% isoflurane via a nose cone throughout the entire sterile surgical procedure. After anesthesia, the surgical area was shaved and prepared by povidone iodine solution. A midline abdominal incision was made, and the right testis was manipulated into the abdomen and sutured to the abdominal wall by a 6–0 gut absorbable suture (Ethicon Inc, Somerville, NJ). For each animal the right testis was treated as the experimental organ, whereas the left testis remained completely untouched throughout the procedure and acted as a control. After the laparotomy incision was closed into layers with a 5–0 Vicryl suture (Ethicon Inc, Somerville, NJ).
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5

Sciatic Nerve Transection and Repair in Rats

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Each rat was anesthetized by inhalation of isoflurane and oxygen. The right hind leg was shaved and cleaned using betadine and isopropyl alcohol. A 30 mm incision was made parallel to the femoral axis and the right sciatic nerve was exposed through a gluteal muscle splitting incision. The sciatic nerve was carefully dissected free of surrounding tissues and a 15 mm nerve segmented was sharply transected and removed. A 20 mm drug-loaded conduit was secured to the proximal and distal stumps using 8–0 Nylon monofilament suture (Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ), with approximately 2.5 mm of nerve stump inside the conduit. The muscle and skin incisions were closed with 5–0 Vicryl® suture (Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ). Pain was managed with injections of Buprenorphine every 12–18 h for two days post-operative. At 4 weeks post-operative, animals were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation. Sham-operated animals were treated identically as animals from the repair group, with the exception of leaving the sciatic nerve intact.
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6

Stem Cell Therapy for Acute Myocardial Injury

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Animal care and interventions were done in accordance with the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act and all animals received humane care and treatment in accordance with the “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” (www.nap.edu/catalog/5140.html). Immunotolerant SCID-beige male mice (90–120 days; Charles River Laboratories, Inc, MA, USA) were anesthetized in an isofluorane inhalational chamber and endotracheally intubated with a 20-gauge angiocatheter (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc, OH, USA). Ventilation was maintained with a Harvard rodent ventilator (Harvard Apparatus, Inc, MA, USA). Acute myocardial injury (AMI) was created by ligation of the mid left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) through a left thoracotomy. The mice were randomly allocated to four groups. The mice received one of the following cell types or normal saline (NS) directly into the peri-infarct region immediately following induction of AMI: 1) NS control (n=9), 2) uAMCs (n=9), 3) c+AMCs (n=8), and 4) MiPSCs (n=9). The cells were injected into the peri-infarct region with a Hamilton syringe containing 250,000 cells suspended in a 20 μL volume of a 1:5 mixture of matrigel (BD Biosciences, CA, USA) and cell dissociation buffer (Sigma) to prevent clumping of cells. cell dissociation buffer was used to prevent cell clumping. The chest was closed in two layers with 5-0 Vicryl suture (Ethicon).
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7

Partial sciatic nerve ligation model

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Animals were anesthetized with isoflurane (Abbott Animal Health, UK) and the left hindpaw was shaved, and sterilized. The sciatic nerve was carefully exposed and isolated from neighboring connective tissue via a small incision midway of the left thigh. A 5.0 vicryl suture (Ethicon) was inserted into the nerve distal to the posterior biceps semitendinosus branch and ligated so that approximately one-third to one-half of the nerve was held tightly. Pain thresholds were assessed at uninduced baseline, post-tamoxifen treatment and days 7, 10, 14, 21 post-injury.
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8

Hydrogel Transplantation in Ovariectomized Mice

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Hydrogels were transplanted into C57BL/6j x CBA/Ca adult 6–7-week old female mice following ovariectomy, either into the ovarian bursa or subcutaneously in the dorsal region. Mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of ketamine and 15 mg/kg of xylazine. Hydrogels were implanted into the bursa according to a previous report (Kniazeva et al., 2015 (link)). For subcutaneous implants, a small incision was made on the back to form a pocket, hydrogels were inserted, and then the incision was closed using a 5-0 vicryl suture (Ethicon, USA). Sterile surgical procedures, post-operative procedures, and daily care were performed according to the Northwestern University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).
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9

Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation Model

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Animals were anesthetized with isoflurane (Abbott Animal Health, United Kingdom), and the left hind paw was shaved and sterilized. The sciatic nerve was carefully exposed and isolated from neighboring connective tissue through a small incision midway of the left thigh. A 5.0 vicryl suture (Ethicon) was inserted into the nerve distal to the posterior biceps' semitendinosus branch and ligated so that approximately one-third to one-half of the nerve was held tightly. Pain thresholds were assessed at uninduced baseline, after tamoxifen treatment, and days 7, 10, 14, and 21 after injury.
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10

Carotid Artery Skeletonization in Rabbits

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Following Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval, carotid artery skeletonization was assessed using New Zealand White rabbits (Covance, Princeton, NJ). Perioperatively, animals received analgesia (0.3 mg/kg meloxicam, Norbrook Laboratories, Northern Ireland) and prophylactic anitbiotic (50 mg/kg cefazolin, Hospira Inc, Lake Forest, IL). Animals were anesthetized for surgery with intramuscular ketamine (35 mg/kg, Mylan Institutional LLC, Rockford, IL) and xylazine (5 mg/kg, Lloyd Laboratories, Shenandoah, IA), and placed on a warming blanket during surgery. All procedures were carried out using aseptic technique. An approximately 4 cm incision was made, and the underlying tissue was dissected to expose the major blood vessels on the left side of the neck. The left common carotid artery was skeletonized (i.e., freed from the surrounding tissue). For animals in the hydrogel group (n = 3), 0.5 ml of PEG hydrogel was introduced along the skeletonized region of the artery using a double-barrel syringe. The incision was approximated with 5-0 Vicryl sutures (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ).
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